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A capitalist society in which the state has intervened in form of social policies, programs, standards, and regulations, in order to mitigate class conflict and accommodate certain social needs Welfarism is an institutionalized response to the negative effects of capitalism and the needs of the new working class 2 Z=Z =!Summary of Reading: Main Points "" ((@What is the author s main argument? The decline of the welfare state has led to the erosion of social rights and the denial of  rightful and  universal entitlements that come with being a  citizen The new ideas brought forth by neo-liberalism seek to limit the amount of protection offered to the needy by both the public and private spheres thus resulting in increased poverty, and lowering national standards. D$}-${ /Conditions that Gave Rise to the Welfare State:00(Creation of a capitalist labour market and working class, and the freeing of this class from the means of production A need to defend the working class against the exploitative nature of the capitalist class Rise of industrial capitalism Protecting the working class against unemployment and suffering from the business cycle s economic ups and downs`Z` John Maynard Keynes(  .The Keynesian Welfare State: Goals of the KWS//(The goal of the KWS was to prevent a repeat of the 1930s depression and social unrest experienced in the industrialized world To assist war-torn economies of Europe in developing new infrastructures To contain socialism To stabilize the economy and maintain full employment levels 'The Keynesian Welfare State: Provisions((((For the state to provide social reforms and funding for programs Rationale: For the state to assume a watch-dog role in regulating and overseeing class relations btw capitalists and the working class Redistribution of the  social wage Social citizenship & decommodification  &How the Welfare State Worked in Canada''(The golden of the KWS in Canada was from the 1940 to about Mid 1970s  A patchwork of programs and policies extending across the 3 political jurisdictions Maintaining high national standards and equality across the provinces Types of programs: universal, social insurance programs, and social assistance programs. The state intervened by: introducing regulations, codes, and acts that mitigate the class conflict btw unions/workers vs. employers Institutionalizing the costs of workers Z Decline of the Welfare State(Stagnation  high economic growth coupled with rising inflation Higher wages were needed to support the KWS, and businesses could not keep up Increase in trade union suits Withdrawal of federal funding in social programs (decline in federal transfers to provinces) An attempt to get workers back into the labour force by diminishing rights of unions (inability to strike) Toughening the qualifying criteria for social programs Change in political ideologies of the state Erosion of social rights, national identity, and democracyP   ANALYSIS N  , Weaknesses of the ReadingOnly one view taken into consideration Does not address weaknesses of the KWS Lack of compelling evidence Does not evaluate practicality of charities No actual solutions/recommendations proposed$ &Comparison With Other Similar Readings''(  The Hypocrisy of Neo-Liberalism $The chapter fails to address and discuss the evident hypocrisy of neo-liberalism Idea of double standards Classic Example: Human rights Study done by the Poverty and Human Rights Centre of British Columbia Supreme Court of Canada Case  Gosselin v. Quebec (Attorney General),The Hypocrisy of Neo-liberalism Continued...--(Decline of Democracy  pg. 457 of text Inadequate form of regulation and accountability of the private sphere Leads to diminishing use of the rule of law Charter not applicable to private domain again leads to diminishing use of the rule of lawbooU3  Interactive Game: ScenarioThe year is 1975 and the Keynesian Welfare State in Canada is on the verge of collapse. The economy is in a state of high inflation, unemployment levels are high, and businesses are criticizing the KWS heavily. To proceed with this dilemma democratically, our government has decided to hold a national referendum on whether we should work to maintain the KWS or move forward with a new political agenda from the perspective of neo-liberalism. Z Instructions:Your task: Organize yourselves into small groups of 3-4 individuals. You will be assigned 1 of 6 potential characters Based on your assigned character, construct a detailed response as to which way you will vote in the poll, backing your argument up with the appropriate reasons. Your choices in the poll are to either stick with the KWS and publicly funded social programs, OR challenge it by supporting privatization, and diminishing the role of the state in social services/programs through neo-liberal policies. It would also be wise to explain what difficulties you may encounter and your reasoning for opposing the choice you do not pick. 0 P{P {Discussion QuestionsThe sovereignty of the nation-state is diminishing with neo-liberal policies that emphasize the growth and predominance of the private sector over the public. Do you agree that national sovereignty, both domestically and internationally, is diminishing? Why or why not? While the public domain of society can be regulated via the Canadian charter, it is much harder for the state to regulate the actions of the private arena. Do you think our charter and laws, and the role of our judiciary should be extended to apply to the private domain, considering its growing role of the private sector in managing what was once under the public domain? Why or why not?Z Conclusions: FSummary of chapter reading  decline of the welfare state Summary of analysis The Hypocrisy of Neo-Liberalism  idea of double standardization Interactive Game- !  QUESTIONS? 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S x 6t  _P  t  P*   x 6tt  _  t  R*  H x 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.7~yQ  0L0 PH (  x  c $|4p  r  S $4      0 p  NPresented By: Nav Chohan( 2H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ȕ^ +D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 80(  8x 8 c $f, `}   x 8 c $g, `   8 nԨ\޽h& ?Ԩ!@\"` ` 3Zh___PPT10i.ɕ C.+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 4$(  4r 4 S r, `}   r 4 S s, `  H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.˕U+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 @$(  @r @ S 0, `}   r @ S , `  H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.֕k+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 D$(  Dr D S H, `   r D S  , `  H D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ؕp+D=' { = @B +m 7 0L0 ld H(  Hr H S 4, `}   J H C "ADec` H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ەИYg+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 0L$(  Lr L S  , `}   r L S h, `  H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ܕP+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 @P$(  Pr P S , `}   r P S p, `  H P 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ܕ 7[+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 PT$(  Tr T S t , `}  t  r T S Lt , ` t  H T 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ݕ d+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 `X$(  Xr X S t , `}  t  r X S &t , ` t  H X 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ݕ&Ȓ+D=' { = @B +g 7 0L0 f^p\(  \r \ S \8t ,P ` t   \ nԨ\޽h& ?Ԩ!@\"` 33___PPT10i.ݕp +D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 `$(  `r ` S PDt , `}  t  r ` S Dt , `  t   ` nԨ\޽h& ?Ԩ!@\"` 33___PPT10i.ݕ0]+D=' { = @B +  7 0L0   dJ(  dr d S Mt , `}  t  h  ``  d #"#m ` ` f d <Yt ?@ `   Takes a more global stance in analyzing how the KWS affected the entirety of the world Stronger emphasis on neo-liberal policies and its critiques Statistical Analyses  @` d <X.? @   Addresses the role of the welfare state in attempting to minimize provincial disparities Growing provincial autonomy over their economies and tax base revenues Looks at problem with equalization payments  @` d < t ?@ `` XParadigm Shift @` d <mt ? `@  t*Politics in Canada: By Jackson and Jackson++ @``B  d 0o ? ```ZB  d s *1 ? ``B  d 0o ?  ` `B  d 0o ? `  ZB  d s *1 ?@ `@ `B d 0o ?```  d nԨ\޽h& ?Ԩ!@\"` 33___PPT10i.ݕ@+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 h$(  hr h S xt , `}  t  r h S xt , ` t   h nԨ\޽h& ?Ԩ!@\"` 33___PPT10i.ޕ(+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 l$(  lr l S lt , `}  t  r l S Dt , ` t   l nԨ\޽h& ?Ԩ!@\"` 33___PPT10i.ޕ@#+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 yp(  pr p S t , t   p 0t ` , 2 p 0Xpk  Q Interactive Discussion( 2$b p <o޽h ?"` 33___PPT10i.ޕ+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 t$(  tr t S Dt , `}  t  r t S h|t , ` t  b t <o޽h ?"` 33___PPT10i.[+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 0$(  r  S xt , `}  t  r  S \,0  t  b  <o޽h ?"` 33___PPT10i. ._+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 @$(  r  S H, `}   r  S 8,0   b  <o޽h ?"` 33___PPT10i.0}+D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 P$(  r  S оt , `}  t  r  S t , ` t  b  <o޽h ?"` 33___PPT10i.r +D=' { = @B + 7 0L0 (  r  S t , `` t  d  C <A$MCj00890480000[1]0 S 8b  <o޽h ?"` 33___PPT10i.+D=' { = @B +$  0 @$8$|#(  |X | C x   t 8# | S y x 0  t  "!Point: Only one view taken into consideration: One of the main weaknesses that I found with this reading was that the Welfare state and its decline, is only analyzed from one perspective. The author mainly focuses on the negative outcomes and consequences of the decline of the welfare state and the KWS, without analyzing the negative impact of the welfare state on other arenas such as the private sphere and businesses. Although it can indeed be argued that a decline in government-funded social programs has negatively affected society and has led to an increase in poverty and lowered standards across the provinces, the author does not look at the negative impact on business owners during the KWS era that precisely led to its collapse. For example... One of the primary goals of the KWS was to use fiscal measures to produce high and stable levels of both income and employment, without having a repeat economic downturn. There was therefore an emphasis on businesses to pay employees high wages through high productivity However, an inflation in the market, as a result of the 1973 oil shock, prevented businesses from being able to pay out high wages when their productivity and profits were declining = led to an increase in union strikes and increase in unemployment b/c employees were not satisfied with wages Because businesses could not keep up with the demands of the KWS, there was a backlash to the KWS system and a strong response from the business community targeted the KWS for undermining the productivity of the businesses The author does not address this issue at all and does not look at why businesses and the private sector in particular, turned their back on the welfare state, and why they attacked it. We need to appreciate both sides of the story in order to fully understand the issue. Point: Does not address weaknesses of the KWS: The author does not look at why the KWS failed in the first place It does to a certain extent, by describing its decline, but it does not address the core issues that led to its decline For example, the private arena had argued that the KWS had led to an increase in debt which companies faced in the 1970s, due to the high-expenditure of government funded programs and the borrowing of loans to fund the programs It was also argued by businesses that the KWS had led to an increase in taxes and this prevented those who made more money to not work as hard because they would have to pay more in taxes Point: Lack of Compelling Evidence The author could have had more compelling evidence to illustrate the harsh effects of downsizing social programs For example, the author discusses the effect that decreasing government funding of social programs has had on the education and health care system  talks about how cutbacks have led to teacher salary freezes, program cuts, larger class sizes etc. But the author does not make use of statistics concerning these trends, nor does he look at contemporary events that illustrate the negative effects of cutbacks Point: Does Not Evaluate Practicality of Charities: The author talks about the rise and growth in the number of charities that have been designed to cater to the needs of the growing number of individuals living in poverty, and he also talks about the institutional need of these charities to account for the social disintegration But he does not look at what s wrong with charities per se, and does not evaluate the effectiveness of charities in terms of how much they really help in alleviating poverty For example, many have argued that charities keep a large portion of the donations for themselves- author does not demystify this Also does not address, statistically, how much charities have helped in alleviating poverty Point: No Actual Solutions/Recommendations Proposed: While the author clearly lays out and describes the consequences of the declining welfare state and cutbacks in government spending on social services, he does not address possible solutions to this current problem we face. Nothing practical said about how we can reconcile the dilemma in facing neo-liberal policies that advocate for minimalist government regulation, while dealing with declining standards of social programs, provincial and demographic disparities, and poverty. /P-P/PZP#P P4PP5PP//Z# 45 `H | 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.7y  0 ZR(  X  C x   y R  S 3y x 0  y  `Comparison with Politics in Canada: looks more so at how the federal government sought to minimize provincial disparities through grants Equalizing provinces was a fundamental goal of the welfare state These grants were contested by provinces in the 1960s and this consequentially led to more provincial autonomy over their tax system and economies, and the way they spend tax revenues This led to the introduction of  unconditional grants which provinces could spend in any way their wished, since the money was not for a specific policy or program. So the neo-liberal era brought with it a process of decentralization, in which the provinces were given more autonomy over programs and policies. ** Question: Do you think provinces are given too much autonomy? Should our system be more regulated by the federal jurisdiction? What sort of problems do you see in self-regulating provinces? Could this lead to a collapse of our national identity and national cohesiveness? Another issue that Politics in Canada addresses, while our textbook does not, is that it goes into the details of federal payments to provinces, such as equalization payments, and how these types of grants have not necessarily led to equality amongst and across provinces. Equalization payments are  unconditional payments made to the provinces by the federal government, which are calculated according to the ability of each province to raise revenue. The logic or rationale behind these payments is to allow for the provincial government to offer public services without overtaxing their citizens. However, the author also looks at how the 8 provinces still remain unequal in comparison to Ontario and Quebec, due to inter-provincial and inter-regional disparities Paradigm Shift: This book pays more attention to the KWS not only within Canada, but other countries as well, and it analyzes its collapse from an international perspective, by incorporating the oil shock of 1973. There is also a much stronger emphasis on neo-liberal policies and the author heavily critiques policies of globalization which have led to worse social conditions than in the welfare state era. I found this book was also more detailed because it provides many more charts and graphs depicting the diminishing role of the state in funding social welfare programs, in form of statistics. p%L% LH  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.J@n 0 zr (  X  C x   y r  S }y x 0  y  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.RP<)  0 ph (  X  C x   y h  S Xy x 0  y  NSomething else that the chapter failed to address was the evident hypocrisy of the neo-liberal era. What is meant by this is that the contemporary neo-liberal state is a hypocrite of its very policies, where on the one hand it reinforces and promotes certain values, yet on the other hand it denies and infringes on the same values. A classic example of this can be given by incorporating the issue of human rights. One the one hand, international organizations created by the Neoliberalism and globalization such as the United Nations, emphasize the importance of human rights, in their mandates and universal declarations. The goals of these institutions promote the eradication of poverty, providing equal opportunities, and universal rights for all individuals Yet on a domestic level, it appears to be that with the rise of neo-liberalism, there has been a consequent rise in the erosion of social rights. For example, the tightening of the eligibility criteria for social programs after the decline of the welfare state, has clearly prevented individuals from gaining assistance, even though they may very well be in need. This has also to an increase in poverty and the homeless. Study by The Poverty and Human Rights Centre of B.C. 1945 Universal Declaration of Human Rights published 2 covenants  one of them is referred to as the Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. The study conducted by the Poverty and HR centre of B.C. has published a report for the UN, that looks at how cutbacks in social services in B.C. have led to an infringement and violation of the universal rights outlined in the Universal Human Rights Covenant. For example, the study looks at a Supreme Court of Canada Case titled Gosselin v. Quebec (Attorney General) in which the appellant challenged the government for differential treatment on the basis of age, in a welfare benefits. The government interpreted the charter very narrowly, by stating that section 7 of the charter (Right to life, liberty, and security of person), does not obligate the government to address economic deprivation or make a right to provide social assistance. Clearly, this narrow interpretation of the charter directly violates the very fundamental rights outlined the UDHR Another example is that the covenant committee stated that Canadian provinces should work to ensure that legal aid for non-criminal matters is available at all levels, in order to ensure an adequete standard of living. Yet this study discovered that the B.C. government still carried out cuts to funding and the elimination of civil legal aid deZAZ6ZK-ZZ 5 L ,H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.pp 0 d\p (  X  C x   y \   S (y x 0  y  v Summary of Chapter Reading: In summary, this week s assigned reading from the text looked at the various conditions that gave rise to the welfare state, and its development historically. The chapter analyzed the key components that comprise the welfare state, and the practice of these provisions within Canada, in what was classified as the modern welfare state. The chapter then addressed the conditions that led to its decline and the negative consequences of its decline, for the Canadian society. Summary of Analysis: The analysis that accompanied this presentation argued that there were inherent weaknesses that could be identified throughout the reading... Such as the fact that the author left out important details about the logic for introducing neo-liberalism, and failing to address the weaknesses of the KWS that caused businesses to oppose it. The Hypocrisy of Neo-Liberalism: The second portion of the analysis identified the evident hypocrisy of the neo-liberal state, in which the very values that are emphasized and enforced throughout the world by international organizations, such as human rights, are denied and infringed upon by neo-liberal states. This leads to a questioning of the legitimacy of the neo-liberal state Interactive Game: From the interactive game, we learned that politics and changes in the economy have an affect on all members of society, regardless of their social class, race, status, etc. - We learned that different individuals experience and internalize these socio-economic changes differently, depending on their gender, race, and class. d<Z   Q " b  I H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.A  0   (  X  C x   y    S y x 0  y  Decline of Democracy: One the one hand, neo-liberalism and globalization advocates for the spread and acceptance of democracy world-wide. The U.S. foreign policy exclusively places a strong emphasis on the promotion of democracy in non-democratic states such as Iraq and Afghanistan Yet here at home, some of the fundamental principles of democracy are toyed with, which has resulted in a decline of democracy For example, pg 457 of the text discusses changes to the Canadian Pension Plan in which accumulating CPP funds were handed to the private sector in which non-elected officials determined what to do with the money. Not surprisingly, the funds were to be used for the purpose and disposal of the private arena. The author raises the point that there was no democratic accounting for the disposal of the fund, as the officials were non-government members, and non-elected This also leads to the issue of not only inadequate accountability of the private sphere, but also the diminishing use of the rule of law, in which one sector (the private) is favoured at the expense of another sector (the public) which is in dire need of such funding. Clearly, this amounts to an issue of inequality. Charter Issues: In many Canadian court cases that have challanged an action taken by a corporation on the basis of a violation of a charter right, the Courts have concluded that charter rights cannot be applied to or used against the private sector, because then the state would be overstepping its legal jurisdictions by intervening in private matters belonging to the private domain. This has also led to the inaccountability of corporations and MNCs, and as a result, it has impacted the lessening degree to which the rule of law is applied to all actors of society. hZ-ZZ,-Z   , , [H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.@m1#x 0 (  X  C x   {   S  { x 0  {  To redistribute a portion of the  social wage collected by the state Social Citizenship: Idea that there are certain benefits, and social services such as health care and education that should be universal and available to all citizens, as a part of their entitlement, by being a member of society. Decommodification: - Refers to the decommodification of labour relations, by transforming class struggle btw capitalists and workers, by protecting workers through union rights and the right to bargain collectively2[--,.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.g 0 <4(  X  C x   { 4  S ؓx 0   Institutionalizing the costs of workers  by taking their costs, such as education/training, family leave, medical and dental benefits, etc, and institutionalizing these costs through public services funded by the state. 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   On-screen ShowDV  ArialTahomaTimes New Roman Wingdings Curtain CallDefault Design*The Decline of the Canadian Welfare StateOutline of Presentation:Introduction:"Summary of Reading: Main Points 0Conditions that Gave Rise to the Welfare State:John Maynard Keynes/The Keynesian Welfare State: Goals of the KWS(The Keynesian Welfare State: Provisions'How the Welfare State Worked in CanadaDecline of the Welfare State Slide 11Weaknesses of the Reading'Comparison With Other Similar Readings The Hypocrisy of Neo-Liberalism-The Hypocrisy of Neo-liberalism Continued... 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