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Service agreement sees internet users consenting to give up a kidney

91��ɫ U researcher urges online shoppers to pay closer attention to Terms of Service this Holiday season

TORONTO, Dec. 6, 2022 – If you are a regular online shopper, you probably scoured Cyber Monday deals with eagle eyes. But did you also carefully go through the privacy policies you were consenting to before clicking “I Agree” on those business-to-consumer websites and apps?

People tend to ignore the fine print in online Terms of Service (ToS) contracts, according to 91��ɫ . In a recent study he co-authored, participants aged 50 and up expressed caution and concern for their privacy yet ignored the fine print, the communications and media studies researcher points out. 

“We conducted an experimental survey to evaluate older adults’ engagement with an online consent process to assess their privacy behaviours and found that a majority rushed through, including many who chose the clickwrap – agreeing to the privacy policy without accessing it,” says Obar, who researches information and communication policy in 91��ɫ’s Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies.

The study, , was published in the International Journal of Communication (open access). Five-hundred people aged 50 and up, saw the front page of a fake social media company called NameDrop and were then directed to an online consent process. The privacy policy included two ‘gotcha’ clauses: a data-collection clause allowing the company to turn on a device’s camera and microphone, and another allowing data sharing with the National Security Agency and data brokers (91.4 per cent accepted).

The data-broker clause specifically said data use could lead to "the development of data products designed to assess eligibility. This could impact eligibility in the following areas: employment, financial service (bank loans, insurance, etc.), university entrance, international travel, the criminal justice system, etc. Under no circumstances will NameDrop be liable for any eventual decision made as a result of NameDrop data sharing.”

The terms also included an extreme clause requiring a kidney/arm/leg, etc. in exchange for service (83.4 per cent accepted).

“Some of the participants said you ‘should’ read policies, suggesting that many want to protect privacy but perhaps not enough is being done to support meaningful consent processes,” says Obar, noting clickwrap designs are a primary reason people ignore policies.

Long and complicated policies are also a problem, notes Obar, who created The Clickwrap and The Biggest Lie on the Internet, an informative video about clickwrap agreements.

The study found that 77.6 per cent of participants agreed to the privacy policy by accepting the clickwrap – agreeing to the policy without accessing it. For those accessing policies, average time spent reading the privacy policy was about 70 seconds, while 81.4 seconds were spent on ToS. 

“Results also suggest two examples of the privacy paradox: for clickwrap use and for policy reading time,” says Obar, explaining how even though participants conveyed an interest in privacy protections, they found policies long and complicated, and impeding their desire to join services quickly.

According to Obar and his co-author , associate professor in communication at University of Connecticut, digital service providers should address problematic designs like clickwraps and revise long, complicated policies.

Obar recently launched a to engage policymakers, platform providers and the general public in meaningful online consent research, noting “hopefully this will help support the changes necessary for the realization of online privacy deliverables.”

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91��ɫ is a modern, multi-campus, urban university located in Toronto, Ontario. Backed by a diverse group of students, faculty, staff, alumni and partners, we bring a uniquely global perspective to help solve societal challenges, drive positive change and prepare our students for success. 91��ɫ's fully bilingual Glendon Campus is home to Southern Ontario's Centre of Excellence for French Language and Bilingual Postsecondary Education. 91��ɫ’s campuses in Costa Rica and India offer students exceptional transnational learning opportunities and innovative programs. Together, we can make things right for our communities, our planet, and our future.

Media Contact:

Gloria Suhasini, 91��ɫ Media Relations, 647.463.4354, suhasini@yorku.ca