Study first to show improvements in both self-reported questionnaires and MRI brain scans

TORONTO, Dec. 13, 2024 鈥� Dancing lowers the depression associated with Parkinson disease, and the benefits can be seen in multiple ways, published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research involving 91亚色 researchers shows.聽

鈥淚t was very cool to see that dance had a positive effect on the mood circuits in the brain, which we could see in the imaging,鈥� says Faculty of Health associate professor , an author of the study. 鈥淭hese improvements that we could see on MRI brain scans were also reported by the participants via survey. Our study is the first to demonstrate these benefits across these two detection methods.鈥� 

The study, published today, followed 23 participants in the Sharing Dance Parkinson鈥檚 program at Canada鈥檚 National Ballet School who had a diagnosis of Parkinson disease, as well as 11 healthy controls, who were mostly family members or caretakers of those with Parkinson disease. The participants took weekly dance classes for 8 months, which progressed from simple leg and foot work and pli茅s to interpretive movements, waltzes, and more complicated, choreographed dances. 

The researchers include DeSouza; former 91亚色 PhD student Karolina Bearss, now a professor at Algoma University; former 91亚色 PhD student Rebecca Barnstaple, now assistant professor of Creative Arts, Health and Wellness, cross-appointed with Theatre at the University of Guelph; and Rachel Bar, a former 91亚色 undergraduate student who is now director of research and health at Canada鈥檚 National Ballet School. They honed in on a node in the brain, the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), that has been shown in previous research to be implicated in depression. They measured mood and depression scores in all participants using the Geriatric Depression Scale before and after every class and conducted regular MRI scans at 91亚色. 

The researchers found that after each dance class, reported depression rates dropped, and the effect was cumulative from class to class, with significant improvements after 8 months. They also found that the MRI scans showed reduced signals in a frontal-cortex brain region associated with emotional regulation and that in a smaller subset of the participants, a significant decrease in depression scores was correlated with changes in the SCG node. 

鈥淲e essentially showed that SCG BOLD [blood oxygen level鈥揹ependent] signal decreases while dancing over time. Which means that the SCG was not functioning as fast as it would if you had depression," says Bearss. 

Parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Before diagnosis, there is a prodromal phase that can last 2 to 10 years and is characterized by low mood, even before other symptoms appear, such as tremors and other issues with motor control. 

鈥淧eople with Parkinson's disease tend to have multiple symptoms that are not just motor related, there are a lot of symptoms that include mental and social well-being impairments, one of those being depression,鈥� explains Bearss. 

This research builds on Bearss and DeSouza鈥檚 that found that dance training helps people with Parkinson disease with motor control, mood, and other functions of daily living. 

Dance is thought to have a double benefit, with music activating the brain鈥檚 reward centers, and the movement acting on sensory and motor circuits. DeSouza, who has been dancing with participants in the program for 14 years, says that while dancing is not a treatment for Parkinson disease per se, the benefits are clear. 

鈥淲e're not trying to cure Parkinson's with dance,鈥� says DeSouza, also with the Centre for Vision Research and Connected Minds at 91亚色. 鈥淲hat we're trying to do is to have people live a better quality of life. This goes for both those with the disease, and their families that take care of them 鈥� they also get benefits of feeling better.鈥� 

The study, 鈥淚mpact of Weekly Community-Based Dance Training Over 8 Months on Depression and Blood Oxygen Level鈥揇ependent Signals in the Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus for People With Parkinson Disease: Observational Study,鈥� was published today in the open-access Journal of Medical Internet Research.

Original article:

Bearss KA, Barnstaple R, Bar R, DeSouza JFX. Impact of Weekly Community-Based Dance Training Over 8 Months on Depression and Blood Oxygen Level鈥揇ependent Signals in the Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus for People With Parkinson Disease: Observational Study. JMIRx Med 2024;5:e44426

URL: https://med.jmirx.org/2024/1/e44426/

doi: 10.2196/44426

PMID:

About 91亚色:

91亚色 is a modern, multi-campus, urban university located in Toronto, Ontario. Backed by a diverse group of students, faculty, staff, alumni and partners, we bring a uniquely global perspective to help solve societal challenges, drive positive change, and prepare our students for success. 91亚色's fully bilingual Glendon Campus is home to Southern Ontario's Centre of Excellence for French Language and Bilingual Postsecondary Education. 91亚色鈥檚 campuses in Costa Rica and India offer students exceptional transnational learning opportunities and innovative programs. Together, we can make things right for our communities, our planet, and our future.

Media Contact: Emina Gamulin, 91亚色 Media Relations, 437-217-6362, egamulin@yorku.ca

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Federal funding will go towards further developing immersive video game where players learn the Anishinaabe language, culture and ways of life

TORONTO, June 4, 2024 鈥� , a sociology professor at 91亚色鈥檚 Glendon Campus, is the recipient of for her Indigenous-led metaverse project Biskaabiiyaang: Creating a path towards healing and reconciliation. , associate professor in theatre and creative technologies at 91亚色鈥檚 School of the Arts, Media, Performance & Design (AMPD), is a co-applicant. Robyn O鈥橪oughlin joins the team as co-applicant working within the New Brunswick Ministry of Education. 91亚色 and the are also partners in the grant application. The award was created in response to Call to Action 65 to establish a national research program to advance understanding of reconciliation. It is a joint initiative of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.

Chacaby鈥檚 immersive virtual game is set in a post-apocalyptic world invaded by linguicidals responsible for the death of the Ojibwe language Anishinaabemowin. It challenges players to learn the language 鈥� and save it from extinction 鈥� by exploring ruins, listening to the teachings of Elders and taking lessons from nature. Players discover how Indigenous history and culture have a role in returning beauty and magic to this world where Anishinaabe ways of life prevail. As an Indigenous community-led research project, Nokiiwin Tribal Council guides the work ensuring that Indigenous communities are first and foremost in the project鈥檚 direction.

鈥淢etaverses, as we see them in the Western world, are spaces where Indigenous people do not exist,鈥� says Chacaby, who is Anishinaabe, Beaver Clan from Kaministiquia (Thunder Bay). 鈥淭hat is a form of colonial erasure happening in these new technologies that I really want to disrupt.鈥� Part of the groundbreaking interdisciplinary research program Connected Minds: Neural and Machine Systems for a Healthy, Just Society, Biskaabiiyaang works to address the impacts of colonization on Indigenous communities, support culture-based healing practices and encourage language reclamation.

Chacaby, a research associate with the Centre for Indigenous Knowledges and Languages, has long promoted Anishinaabe culture and language through courses she鈥檚 developed at Glendon. In 2016, for her online classes, she crafted a Dungeons and Dragons-style, card-based role-playing game in Anishinaabemowin. This gamified approach to learning led to soaring proficiency levels, with grammar and other difficult areas of language acquisition becoming easier as students developed characters and completed quests. But Chacaby wanted anyone to have access to this education. That鈥檚 where the metaverse came in.

An avid gamer, Chacaby noted how within massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) like World of Warcraft and Fallout, players use and coin terms that are only understood by other users and immediate team members. That made her realize these virtual worlds were environments ripe for learning. 鈥淚 thought, 鈥業f young people can talk in this very sophisticated technical language about a made up world, we can do the exact same thing with the culture鈥�,鈥� says Chacaby.

The project uses research-creation methodologies to build an audio and visual archive that is the foundation of the Biskaabiiyaang metaverse. Scott Baker, the education manager for the Nokiiwin Tribal Council, describes his excitement about Elders鈥� teachings making their way into the virtual world. 鈥淲hat the SSHRC grant is going to open up for us is to start collecting these stories,鈥� says Baker.

鈥淲e're actually documenting stories and teachings, and these will live long beyond when I'm gone,鈥� says Audrey Gilbeau, executive director of the Tribal Council. A co-creation with community Elders and Indigenous youth, the virtual world is a community-built and -owned archive that鈥檚 alive, growing and changing. She says that Elders and Knowledge Keepers who have passed away over the past five years, since work on Biskaabiiyaang began, continue to live on in the recordings and stories captured in the project.

The best way for a community to hold an archive is in a format that people can access, says Caines, adding: 鈥淭he metaverse is the archive.鈥� The researchers have partnered with , a virtual world platform, to build the metaverse and bring the archive to life. Content in the metaverse is based upon Anishinaabe worldview and culture as well as family histories and individuals鈥� lived experiences. The virtual world is a place where players learn by undertaking quests and interacting with traditional tools and objects, teachings, and language learning modules using culture-based game mechanics.

In partnership with AMPD鈥檚 new program opening at Markham Campus, undergraduate students, graduate students and postdoctoral research fellows will come together with Indigenous teens from the region to work on the metaverse at the new facilities, as well as gain on-site training in Northern Ontario. Biskaabiiyaang is the first step in a decade-long project running in tandem with the UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages. A multi-year project, it is a direct response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Call to Action 65.

Visit the Biskaabiiyaang to learn more and download a free demonstration.

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For the most part, the focus of contemporary emergency management has been on  such as flooding, earthquakes, tornadoes, industrial accidents, extreme weather events and cyber attacks.

However, with the increase in the availability and capabilities of artificial intelligence, we may soon see emerging public safety hazards related to these technologies that we will need to mitigate and prepare for.

Over the past 20 years, my colleagues and I 鈥� along with many other researchers 鈥� have been  to  and   identify, assess, predict, monitor and detect hazards to .

We are now reaching a turning point where AI is becoming a potential source of risk at a scale that should be incorporated into risk and emergency management phases 鈥� mitigation or prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.

AI and hazard classification

AI hazards can be classified into two types: intentional and unintentional. Unintentional hazards are those caused by .

As the use of AI increases, there will be more adverse events caused by human error in AI models or technological failures in AI based technologies. These events can occur in all kinds of industries including transportation (like drones, trains or self-driving cars), electricity, oil and gas, finance and banking, agriculture, health and mining.

Intentional AI hazards are potential threats that are caused by using AI to harm people and properties. AI can also be used to gain unlawful benefits by compromising security and safety systems.

In my view, this simple intentional and unintentional classification may not be sufficient in case of AI. Here, we need to add a new class of emerging threats 鈥� the possibility of AI overtaking human control and decision-making. This may be triggered intentionally or unintentionally.

Many AI experts have already warned . A recent open letter by researchers, scientists and others involved in the development of AI .AI pioneer Geoffrey Hinton is interviewed by CBS about the dangers of the technology.

Public safety risks

Public safety and emergency management experts use risk matrices to assess and compare risks. Using this method, hazards are qualitatively or quantitatively assessed based on their frequency and consequence, and their impacts are classified as low, medium or high.

Hazards that have low frequency and low consequence or impact are considered low risk and no additional actions are required to manage them. Hazards that have medium consequence and medium frequency are considered medium risk. These risks need to be closely monitored.

Hazards with high frequency or high consequence or high in both consequence and frequency are classified as high risks. These risks need to be reduced by taking additional risk reduction and mitigation measures. Failure to take immediate and proper action may result in sever human and property losses.

Up until now, AI hazards and risks have not been added into the risk assessment matrices much beyond organizational use of AI applications. The time has come when we should quickly start bringing the potential AI risks into local, national and global risk and emergency management.

AI risk assessment

AI technologies are becoming more widely used by institutions, organizations and companies in different sectors, and hazards associated with the AI are starting to emerge.

In 2018, the accounting firm KPMG developed an 鈥�.鈥� It highlights the risks of using AI by businesses and urges them to recognize these new emerging risks. The report warned that AI technology is advancing very quickly and that risk control measures must be in place before they overwhelm the systems.

Governments have also started  for the use of AI-based technologies and solutions. However, these guidelines are limited to risks such as algorithmic bias and violation of individual rights.

At the government level, the Canadian government issued the 鈥溾�� to ensure that federal institutions minimize the risks associated with the AI systems and create appropriate governance mechanisms.

The main objective of the directive is to ensure that when AI systems are deployed, risks to clients, federal institutions and Canadian society are reduced. According to this directive, risk assessments must be conducted by each department to make sure that appropriate safeguards are in place in accordance with the .

In 2021, the U.S. Congress tasked the National Institute of Standards and Technology with developing an AI risk management framework for the Department of Defense. The proposed voluntary AI risk assessment framework recommends banning .

Threats and competition

Much of the national level policy focus on AI has been from national security and global competition perspectives 鈥� the national security and economic risks of falling behind in the AI technology.

The U.S. National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence highlighted . These were not from the public threats of the technology itself, but from losing out in the global competition for AI development in other countries, including China.

In its 2017 , the World Economic Forum highlighted that AI is only one of emerging technologies that can exacerbate global risk. While assessing the risks posed by the AI, the report concluded that, at that time, super-intelligent AI systems remain a theoretical threat.

However, the latest  does not even mention the AI and AI associated risks which means that the leaders of the global companies that provide inputs to the global risk report had not viewed the AI as an immediate risk.

Faster than policy

AI development is progressing much faster than government and corporate policies in understanding, foreseeing and managing the risks. The current global conditions, combined with market competition for AI technologies, make it difficult to think of an opportunity for governments to pause and develop risk governance mechanisms.

While we should collectively and proactively try for such governance mechanisms, we all need to brace for major catastrophic AI鈥檚 impacts on our systems and societies.

By 91亚色 Professor  of Disaster & Emergency Management in the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies.

This article is republished from .

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$318-million Connected Minds initiative to bring equity and inclusion to murky waters of AI

April 28, 2023

A massive seven-year interdisciplinary research initiative led by 91亚色 鈥� backed by substantial federal research funding 鈥� is setting out to tame the unruly world of AI and other disruptive technologies, so humans can benefit equitably from advances in a machine-driven world.

Along with marvellous innovations in medicine, education and entertainment, rapidly emerging technological advancements are also delivering unintended consequences, and some communities are being left behind. Making sure everyone benefits from the technological boom reflects 91亚色鈥檚 signature mission to create positive change in the world, both locally and globally.

鈥淲e don鈥檛 want to slow progress in technology, but rather, work together to be more thoughtful about the consequences 鈥� and try to mitigate the negative outcomes and optimize the positive ones,鈥� says Doug Crawford, a 91亚色 Distinguished Research Professor in Neuroscience who is the inaugural scientific director of the first-of-its-kind enterprise.

The Connected Minds project will bring together experts from 91亚色聽and Queen鈥檚 University聽who are working across聽many different聽fields including liberal arts, engineering, health,聽law,聽life sciences, and the arts聽to develop a聽framework聽to guide future innovations in technology with a聽focus on聽inclusivity.聽

鈥淩eceiving this second CFREF award in the last two competitions reflects 91亚色鈥檚 leadership as a research-intensive university that from its inception has understood the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in tackling complex, global problems. Connected Minds is particularly timely as we consider the implications of AI for creating a more equitable and inclusive world,鈥� says 91亚色 president and vice-chancellor Rhonda Lenton.

The researchers say putting some parameters around technological disruption would avoid the type of headline-grabbing pitfalls experienced by the AI text generator ChatGPT, almost as soon as it hit the market. Guidelines would also ensure underrepresented groups could enjoy the benefits of our shifting and evolving technologies and play a role in their creation.

鈥�91亚色 is an international leader in interdisciplinary research. The federal government鈥檚 substantial investment will unite 91亚色鈥檚 incredible strengths with Queen鈥檚 health specialties to chart new territory in socially responsible research for a rapidly changing digital world,鈥� says Amir Asif, 91亚色鈥檚 vice-president research and innovation.

鈥淲e鈥檙e seeing a changing society with increasing intermingling between humans and machines and a host of different technologies,鈥� says Pina D鈥橝gostino, vice director and founder of 91亚色鈥檚 IP Innovation Clinic at Osgoode Hall Law School and vice-director of Connected Minds. 鈥淭he social framework 鈥� the law 鈥� hasn鈥檛 kept pace. What we鈥檙e trying to do is develop technologies and frameworks that are socially responsible before they are disseminated in society, so we get ahead of the biases that may arise. That way underrepresented communities don鈥檛 get sidelined as technologies progress.鈥�

The initiative鈥檚 equity focus will be applied to many projects that are already underway at the two universities, and also to the issue of Indigenous data sovereignty. Through an Indigenous Advisory Circle and partners, researchers hope to explore a framework for use of Indigenous Peoples鈥� data in a digital environment.

鈥淥ur work will seek to address the unexpected consequences of technological innovation, like the growing digital divide between broader society and Indigenous Peoples in terms of access to internet and also the colonization of it as well,鈥� says Sean Hillier, associate director of 91亚色鈥檚 Centre for Indigenous Knowledges & Language and associate director of Connected Minds.

鈥淲e continue to see researchers in Indigenous communities saying, 鈥榟ow do we implement ownership, access, control and possession of our knowledge in a virtual world?鈥� We don鈥檛 have the capacity to do so.鈥�

Already, more than 50 community groups are stepping up to engage in the research, a signal that the initiative is tapping into a recognized need. The City of Vaughan, for example, has contributed $36 million in land. Mitacs, which funds research and innovation, has contributed $1 million for internships and trainees. The Baycrest Health Centre 鈥� Rotman Research Institute, which studies aging and the human brain, is giving $2 million.

Potential projects include explorations into a more inclusive metaverse, virtual reality and community organizing, technologies for healthy aging and how the human brain functions when people interact with AI versus each other.

鈥淲e鈥檙e trying to figure out the way machines work, but we also need to understand the way the human brain works,鈥� explains D鈥橝gostino. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 the secret sauce in the machines and the technology. As we try and blossom machines, we have to link them up to the way we think. Something like empathy, for instance, will they ever have that?鈥�

Another project is an Indigenous online gaming metaverse in which Indigenous Peoples can learn traditional language and gaming at the same time by engaging in land-based learning that recognizes the physical, mental, and spiritual connection to the land that is part of Indigenous identity.

鈥淲e hope that with our checklist, anytime someone innovates they won鈥檛 only think from a mainstream perspective,鈥� says D鈥橝gostino.

Technological disruption is only going to grow, adds Crawford, and it鈥檚 not too late to create guidelines to shape the future in a way that incorporates the values of equity, diversity and inclusivity.

鈥淗ere at 91亚色 and at Queen鈥檚, we have engineers and scientists involved in a number of technologies, some of them related to health, transportation, communications and computer vision,鈥� Crawford notes.

鈥淲e hope to bring this new perspective to that. The other part is developing the paradigm. If we are successful in that approach, then the aim is to beta test here at 91亚色 and Queen鈥檚 and have a broader effect on the way research is done in Canada and the world,鈥� he concludes.

when combined with the contributions from multi-sector partners, municipal governments, and collaborating partners is valued at $318.4 million, making Connected Minds the biggest 91亚色-led research program in the University鈥檚 history. 

Connected Minds will also expand Canada鈥檚 research power and create opportunities for early career up-and-comers. 

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Together with Queen鈥檚 University, the cross-disciplinary work is backed by $105.7M in federal funding through the Canada First Research Excellence Fund

TORONTO, April 28, 2023 鈥� Is an equitable world that includes humans and machines possible? 91亚色 researchers believe it must be and have set out to make it so through a first of its kind interdisciplinary research initiative called Connected Minds: Neural and Machine Systems for a Healthy, Just Society.

From universities to industries, hospitals and policymakers, artists and Indigenous communities, 91亚色鈥檚 Connected Minds will engage 50+ community partners and research collaborators over seven years supported by a historic $318.4 million in funding. Connected Minds has received a combined , announced earlier today by the Government of Canada. Of that, 91亚色 received $82.8 million and institutional partner Queen鈥檚 University received $22.8 million.

Led by 91亚色, Connected Minds brings together experts in multiple fields, including humanities, engineering, law, and life sciences, located across eight 91亚色 Faculties and three Queen鈥檚 Faculties. Researchers will examine the ways in which emerging technology, like Artificial Intelligence, is transforming and entangling society 鈥� dubbed the 鈥榯echno-social collective.鈥� Researchers will work to discover how to balance both the potential risks and benefits for humanity.  

Some of the program鈥檚 proposed projects include explorations into a more inclusive metaverse, virtual reality and community organizing, neurotechnologies for healthy aging, Indigenous data sovereignty, and how human brain function changes when people interact with AI versus each other.  

In addition to supporting interdisciplinary teams of researchers conducting research on promoting a healthy, resilient, and just techno-social collective, Connected Minds will fund 35 strategic faculty hires, partner-focused seed, team, and prototyping grants, knowledge mobilization and commercialization activities, and an ambitious multi-institutional micro-credential training program with 385 trainees and cross-sector stakeholders. All activities will require interdisciplinary participation, and projects that benefit Indigenous and other equity-deserving groups will be prioritized.

A key structural component of the program is an Indigenous-led focus and will feature a dedicated Indigenous research space on 91亚色鈥檚 Keele Campus, as well as employing an overarching decolonization, equity, diversity and inclusion (DEDI) strategy.

The program鈥檚 operations will involve a directorate led by internationally renowned neuroscientist Prof. , as Scientific Director, along with intellectual property and technology law expert Prof.  , as Vice-Director and Indigenous health scholar Prof. as Associate Director. Engineer and neuroscientist Prof. joins as the Vice-Director from Queen鈥檚 University.  

The governance structure of Connected Minds includes a Board of Directors to supervise the program ramp up, oversee its progress towards achieving strategic goals and maintain fiduciary responsibility, an External Advisory Board to advise on the overall strategic direction, knowledge mobilization and commercialization activities, and an Indigenous Advisory Circle to counsel all aspects of Indigenous engagement, including issues of privacy and data sovereignty.

The total value of the Connected Minds projects is $318.4 million with the remaining funds, including in-kind contributions, being contributed largely by multi-sector partners, municipal governments, and collaborating institutions.

QUOTES

鈥淩eceiving this second CFREF award in the last two competitions reflects 91亚色鈥檚 leadership as a research-intensive university that from its inception has understood the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in tackling complex, global problems. Connected Minds is particularly timely as we consider the implications of AI for creating a more equitable and inclusive world.鈥� 鈥� Rhonda Lenton, 91亚色 president and vice-chancellor

鈥�91亚色 is an international leader in interdisciplinary research involving artificial intelligence and other disruptive technologies, social justice, and human science like neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology. The government鈥檚 substantial investment will unite 91亚色鈥檚 incredible strengths with Queen鈥檚 health specialties to chart new territory in socially responsible, community-engaged research for a rapidly changing digital world.鈥� 鈥� Amir Asif, 91亚色 vice-president, Research and Innovation

鈥淭he current technological revolution will have transformative positive impacts, and likely unintended negative impacts, on humanity for generations to come. To predict these impacts and steer toward positive outcomes, one requires transdisciplinary expertise, multisector community engagement, and research and training at levels that can only occur in a large-scale program. We thank CFREF for providing Connected Minds with the resources to lead Canada and the world in this timely and critical enterprise.鈥� 鈥� Doug Crawford, 91亚色 Distinguished Research Professor in Neuroscience and inaugural Scientific Director of Connected Minds 

鈥淣ew technologies are developing exponentially and systems like the law are simply not keeping up. 91亚色鈥檚 motto, tentanda via, the way must be tried, guides us, in everything we will do.  We believe our inclusive, interdisciplinary approach that aligns with the UN sustainable development goals makes 91亚色 the perfect place for anticipating the way humans and machines will, and should, connect in an equitable society.  This way must be tried.鈥� 鈥� Pina D鈥橝gostino, director and founder of 91亚色鈥檚 IP Innovation Clinic at Osgoode Hall Law School and Vice Director of Connected Minds. 

鈥淐onnected Minds is informed by Indigenous perspectives and priorities to achieve outcomes that are culturally relevant and responsive to Indigenous ways of being and doing that impact how we think about and engage in life, health, and education. Our work will seek to address the unexpected consequences of technological innovation, like the growing digital divide for Indigenous communities to access remote health care, and issues of data sovereignty, ownership and digital colonialism.鈥� 鈥� Sean Hillier, director of 91亚色鈥檚 Centre for Indigenous Knowledges & Languages and Associate Director of Connected Minds

鈥淭he Connected Minds project builds on a history of partnership and collaboration between Queen鈥檚 and 91亚色. Each institution brings unique but complementary research strengths to bear on the important challenges and opportunities that come with disruptive technologies and their impact on Canadian and global citizens.鈥濃�� Nancy Ross, vice principal research at Queen鈥檚 University

鈥淚 look forward to working with Indigenous, community and industrial partners to develop more equitable and socially responsible research outputs for the benefit of all. I am also excited about the many educational and outreach opportunities that Connected Minds will produce 鈥� from school programs to graduate training and professional skills development. We want to democratize education and access to knowledge, with the aim of spreading a new culture of innovation for a more equitable, inclusive, and healthy society.鈥� 鈥� Gunnar Blohm, Professor in Computational Neuroscience and Vice Director of Connected Minds

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For more information:

91亚色 U media contact:

Emina Gamulin

egamulin@yorku.ca

437-217-6362

Queen鈥檚 media contact:

Julie Brown

brown.julie@queensu.ca

343-363-2763

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