Orangutans are generally not fond of water, but Dr. Anne Russon, a professor of psychology at the 91��ɫ, and an orangutan researcher, has discovered that some of them have conquered their aversion in order to take up a new avocation: fishing.  She and her colleagues have observed apes at the sanctuary she's worked at scooping fish from shallow ponds, and even using sticks to move the fish to where they can be more easily captured.  They then enjoy a little fresh sushi.  This group of orangutans are rescued animals that grew up in captivity, and this behaviour hasn't been seen in their wild cousins.

You can , which runs for nine minutes.

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams, research communications officer, with files courtesy of YFile– 91��ɫ’s daily e-bulletin.

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You can listen to Russon's interview with host Bob McDonald on .  The interview begins at the 1:30 mark.

Russon has observed 18 cases of orangutans in Borneo using mime to communicate both simple and complex messages.  In one example, an orangutan asked a researcher for help cracking open a coconut by acting out the motions required.  Another wanted to share the memory of having had a researcher remove a sliver from a foot by repeatedly miming the action.  It is thought that this form of communication among these great apes could provide a clue to the origins of human language.

Related Links, courtesy of CBC online:

• in Biology Letters
• Original news release from the Research Website
• (with video of the coconut incident)

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams, with files courtesy of YFile– 91��ɫ’s daily e-bulletin.

The post Audio: Professor Anne Russon speaks to Quirks & Quarks about how orangutans communicate using mime appeared first on Research & Innovation.

Just like humans, orangutans will resort to mime to get their message across, scientists report. A team from Canada found the great apes would sometimes use elaborate gestures to explain what they meant. They mimed the action of being scratched to get an itch attended to, and enacted opening a termite nest to prompt a partner to do just that.

The study, published in Biology Letters, suggests ape communication is more complex than was thought. The researchers uncovered the primates' propensity for mime by looking through 20 years of observational studies that had been carried out on orangutans in Borneo. These animals had all previously been captive, but were now living free or partly free in the forests. The team found 18 cases where orangutans had been spotted performing mimes.

Professor Anne Russon, from Glendon College at 91��ɫ in Ontario, Canada, said: "When I observed the events, yes, I was surprised - in the sense that it was very unusual and in one case their behavior seemed, at the time, entirely bizarre and way out of character."

Some of these gestures were quite complicated.

One orangutan, Kikan, had injured her foot, and had been helped by a conservationist who dug out a small stone and then dripped latex from the stem of a fig leaf on to the wound to seal it.

A week later, Kikan attracted the same conservationist's attention and then picked up a leaf and re-enacted her treatment.

Professor Russon said: "She's not asking for anything, which is the most common aim observed of great ape communication, but appears simply to be sharing a memory with the person who helped her when she hurt her foot.

"It shows her understanding of how events had unfolded in a particular situation, which was very complex."

. . .

The researchers said that while miming in orangutans seemed to be rare, it did tell us more about how the great apes communicated.

In their paper, Anne Russon from Glendon College in Toronto, Canada, and Kristin Andrews from 91��ɫ, also in Toronto, wrote that the complex "pantomimes" showed some of the properties of natural language.

Professor Russon said: "Orangutans, and other great apes have more sophisticated communicative abilities than currently believed.

"Pantomime has been proposed as the basis for the evolution to language because it broadens the range of messages that individuals can send - basically, anything you can act out. It allows you to create the sentence-like message: 'You do action X using tool Y on object Z'.

"This is a powerful communication tool indeed."

Often, the primates resorted to mime after other methods of communication had failed. The researchers said that while miming in orangutans seemed to be rare, it did tell us more about how the great apes communicated.

In their paper, Russon and , wrote that the complex “pantomimes” showed some of the properties of natural language.

Russon said: “Orangutans and other great apes have more sophisticated communicative abilities than currently believed. Pantomime has been proposed as the basis for the evolution to language because it broadens the range of messages that individuals can send – basically, anything you can act out. It allows you to create the sentence-like message: ‘You do action X using tool Y on object Z.’ This is a powerful communication tool indeed.”

Andrews is a philosophy professor in 91��ɫ’s Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies; Russon is a psychology professor at Glendon. The complete article is available on .

Republished courtesy of YFile– 91��ɫ’s daily e-bulletin.

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