The radio series, and its companion , features commentary from Professor Debra Pepler. Pepler is distinguished professor in the Faculty of Health's Department of Psychology, senior associate scientist at the , and a member of 91亚色's LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution.

Pepler is an expert on bullying behaviour among teens and children; Part 1 of the radio series sites groundbreaking research she conducted with Professor Wendy Craig of Queen's University into children's bullying activity on schoolyards. Craig and Pepler currently co-lead (Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network), which provides anti-bullying resources for educators, parents and children.

Part 3 airs on January 21, 2011 at 9 pm on CBC Radio 1. Parts 1 and 2 are currently available for download on the . A connected to both the audio and film documentaries is also available with additional resources.

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You signed your kids up for organized sport in hopes of keeping them active. But there's more to keeping kids in the game than buying gear and driving them to practices.

. . .

There's no doubt that parental support and encouragement keep kids in sport, but there's a line between support and pressure that parents should avoid crossing.

That line isn't well defined, but a 91亚色 University study of athletes who dropped out of a sport and those who stayed in offered a surprising picture of when parents should push and when they should back off.

According to lead researcher Jessica Fraser-Thomas, all the athletes in the study considered dropping out of sport. Those who did noted that their parents forced them to continue even as their interest waned. Whereas the children who chose to stay in sport, did so after exploring their options with their parents. Allowing your child the freedom to take an occasional practice off or to adjust their training schedule while still encouraging them to remain active seems to be a winning formula.

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin

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The talk, 鈥淧ositive Parenting and Positive Development in Children鈥� will take place Wednesday, Nov. 17, from noon to 1pm at the Executive Learning Centre, X106 Seymour Schulich Building, Keele campus. A reception will follow, from 1 to 2pm at the LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research. Everyone is welcome to attend, but as space is limited, it is requested that you RSVP for both the talk and the reception at owhchair@yorku.ca.

Right: Marc Bornstein

Armed with the knowledge that things do not always go well in child development, policy-makers, educators and parents share the laudable and well-intentioned goal to develop preventions, interventions and remediations in the service of children, says Bornstein. 鈥淏ut treatment is not just fixing what is broken; it is also nurturing what is best. My talk takes a 鈥榩ositive youth development鈥� perspective as its starting point.鈥�

In the first part of the talk, Bornstein will look to the聽literature to define prominent positive characteristics and values in children. In the second part, he will address the important goal of how children can be best helped to achieve those positive characteristics and values.

鈥淭o do this, I will show how parents, who are children鈥檚 primary advocates and their front-line defence, are the corps most available and in the greatest number to lobby and labour for children,鈥� says Bornstein. 鈥淚 discuss direct effects of parents on children as well as indirect effects. I focus on both childhood and adolescence and incorporate new work on brain development. Finally, I discuss a specificity principle that may guide future thinking and action in positive child development.鈥�

As a researcher, Bronstein has聽received numerous聽awards for his research from such organizations as the National Institute of Child Health聽& Human Development, the American Psychological Association, the National Institutes of Health, the聽Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the American Mensa Education聽& Research Foundation. In 2008, he was recognized by the Society for Research in Child Development for his efforts in the international and cross-cultural realm with its Distinguished International Contributions to Child Development Award.

Bornstein has been a faculty member at Princeton University and New 91亚色, and a visiting scientist, fellow and professor at聽more than聽eight universities and research institutes, including the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich, University College London, Universit茅 Ren茅 Descartes in Paris, the University of Tokyo and the Sorbonne.

In addition to hundreds of scientific papers, he is co-author of the widely used book series and editor of other book series, including The Crosscurrents in Contemporary Psychology, Monographs in Parenting and Handbook of Parenting.聽He is聽the founding editor of and has聽written several children's books.

Bornstein is also co-editor of a new book that 91亚色 psychology Professor Maria Legerstee is publishing with University of Toronto Professor David Haley. The book, , will be released later this year by Guilford Press.

Bornstein鈥檚聽research interests include the origins, status and development of psychological constructs, structures, functions and processes in the first two years of life; the effect of child characteristics and activities on parents; and the meaning of variations in parenting and in the family across different socio-demographic and cultural groups.

The talk is joint venture hosted by the LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, Echo鈥檚 Ontario Women鈥檚 Health Council Chair in Women鈥檚 Mental Health Research and The Lillian & Don Wright Foundation.

For more information, visit the LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research website. For more information on the LaMarsh Speaker Series, visit the Faculty of Health website.

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin

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Right: Alyn McCauley

Many of McCauley鈥檚 concussions occurred when he was a junior player, before he played a single NHL game, including one that sidelined him for about half of the 1998-1999 season as an up-and-coming hockey star 鈥� he won the Canadian Hockey League player of the year award in 1996-1997. He went on to play with the Toronto Maple Leafs, the San Jose Sharks and the Los Angeles Kings, but concussion issues continued to plague him and affect his contributions on the ice.

The Blow by Blow: Sport Concussion Management symposium will run tomorrow from 6:30 to 8:30pm in the Tribute Communities Recital Hall, in the Accolade East Building on 91亚色's Keele campus.

The symposium is in memory of (left), a former 91亚色 student who died from an injury sustained from a concussion during a hockey game last year. Donald fell during a fight, hit his head and went into a coma until he died a few weeks later. The Donald Sanderson Memorial Trust Fund has donated funds toward the symposium and the School of Kinesiology & Health Science鈥檚 annual student awards to help share important knowledge about concussion management. Dahna Sanderson, Donald鈥檚 mother, will deliver the opening remarks at the symposium.

Among the speakers is Professor Jason Mihalik (right)聽of the Department of Exercise & Sport Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, whose primary interest involves the study of sport-related neurotraumatic injuries, with a particular emphasis on youth head and neck injury biomechanics. Mihalik will talk about recognizing and managing trauma. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Canadian Athletic Therapists Association and is a member of the National Athletic Trainers鈥� Association. He also serves on the editorial board for Athletic Training聽& Sports Health Care and is the research director for the J. Pat Evans Research Foundation.

Alison MacPherson (left)聽of 91亚色鈥檚 School of Kinesiology & Health Science, who has a long-standing interest in childhood injury research, will discuss the epidemiology of sports-related concussions 鈥� incidence, risk factors and prevention. In Ontario, over 6,000 youth and children were seen in emergency departments for a sport-related concussion between 2002 and 2005. Concussions were most common among 14-, 15- and 16-year-olds playing hockey, followed by bicycling, skiing/snowboarding and football.

MacPherson has been involved with research related to childhood injuries in general, and bicycle-related and sport-related injuries specifically. She is the co-principal investigator of the -funded study on child and youth injury prevention. She was the first recipient of the Faculty of Health Early Career Research Award and has served as a reviewer and author for the World Health Organization report on child injury prevention. She is also a member of the 鈥檚 Board of Directors and 鈥檚 Scientific Advisory Committee.

Also speaking at the symposium is Dr. Paul Piccininni (right), a sports medicine staff member at 91亚色 and team dentist for the Mississauga St. Michaels Majors of the Ontario Hockey League. He聽will give an update on mouthguards. He has worked at the last nine Summer and Winter Olympic Games, including Vancouver 2010, and has coordinated medical services for world championships, including聽basketball and ice hockey. He is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation Medical Committee and the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission (Games Group), president of the International Society for Dentistry, Sport & Trauma, and is a Fellow of the Academy for Sports Dentistry.

The symposium costs $20 per person and is free for youth under 17 and all 91亚色 students with ID. The location is fully accessible. Light refreshments will be served. Parking is free to registered participants in the Student Services Parking Garage.

To register online, click . For registration information, contact Rumina Habib, registration and convocation assistant in the Division of Continuing Education, Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, at ext. 44617 or dce@yorku.ca.

For additional information about the event, contact Cindy Hughes, head athletic therapist/manager of the Sport Injury Clinic at the School of Kinesiology & Health Science,聽at ext. 77232 or chughes@yorku.ca.

The conference was covered in the Toronto Star's section Aug. 31.

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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During a recent conversation with聽91亚色 President & Vice-Chancellor Mamdouh Shoukri, the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, David Onley (Hon. LLD聽'09),聽expressed an interest in聽the research initiative. In response, Shoukri invited Onley to聽tour the facility and speak with researchers.聽On July 15,聽the lieutenant governor paid an informal visit to the University to hear first-hand from MEHRI researchers and therapists about their research into early childhood development.

Above: From left, MEHRI neuroscientist Jim Stieben; President & Vice-Chancellor聽Mamdouh Shoukri; 91亚色 Distinguished Research Professor Stuart Shanker, director of MEHRI; Rhonda Lenton, associate vice-president academic; Devin Casenhiser, MEHRI head of research; David Onley, the lieutenant governor of Ontario; MEHRI therapist Christine Robinson; Professor Lesley Beagrie, associate dean of professional & global programs in the Faculty of Health; Amanda Binns, MEHRI speech language pathologist; Alicia Allison, MEHRI community liason officer;聽Fay McGill,聽MEHRI speech language pathologist and floor-time therapist; Ana Bojcun, MEHRI budget & administrative officer; and Eunice Lee, MEHRI social worker

During聽his visit,聽Onley listened to remarks from聽the University's president and Stuart Shanker, 91亚色 Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology & Philosophy and the director of MEHRI. He then heard from MEHRI therapists and researchers about their work before taking a tour of the research facility.

Also present at the event were Rhonda Lenton, associate vice-president academic, and Professor Leslie Beagrie, associate dean of professional & global programs in the Faculty of Health.

鈥淚 believe that 91亚色 performs a very important and critical function in supporting postsecondary education, not only through the training of students but also through research," said Shoukri in his opening remarks.

"This particular initiative is very close to my heart. The Milton & Ethel Harris Research Initiative is led by its director, 91亚色 Distinguished Research Professor Stuart Shanker. One of the exciting aspects of this initiative is its focus on child development,"聽Shoukri said. "From all that I have seen so far, there is clear evidence that this initiative is on its way to having a significant national and international impact."

Following the president's comments, Shanker offered a brief history of MEHRI, including the role of the late Canadian philanthropist Milton Harris, whose support made the research initiative possible, (see YFile, June 23, 2005).

Right: Stuart Shanker

"We were very interested in a program called the Developmental Individual-Difference, Relationship-Based Model (DIR)聽for聽very specific reasons," said Shanker. "It focuses on the child鈥檚 core capacities. So that rather than trying to treat a symptom, you are trying to develop those underlying capacities that are constricted."

Conceived聽by the late Dr. Stanley Greenspan (Hon. LLD聽'06), a聽clinical professor of psychiatry, behavioural science and pediatrics at George Washington University Medical School and a practising child psychiatrist, DIR聽is a social interaction-based聽approach for treating children with autistic spectrum disorders. DIR聽engages children through play to expand their world and help develop their ideas and relationships and is at the heart of the extended聽study now underway at MEHRI.聽Shanker said the research will have an impact on the treatment of all children聽experiencing challenges and聽will聽play a聽role聽in enhancing聽the capacities of children developing typically.

"Suppose I had a child who was experiencing difficulty in learning how to read. Rather than doing intensive exercises to get the child to read, we would look at what are the underlying causes. Is there a problem with visual perception or motor control?" he said. "In addition to doing reading exercises, with DIR we would work very hard on strengthening the weakened capacities that are causing the deficits and rather than just treating the symptoms."

DIR is wedded to science, said Shanker, and at MEHRI, scientists and therapists are partners in the research underway into children's core capacities. "I saw this as a model for the 21st century, a framework for really enhancing early childhood development, because we would continually be revising and developing what we are doing," said Shanker.

"DIR also operates through the parent. The parent becomes the primary agent in the child鈥檚 development. What we have been seeing is that there聽has been a remarkable effect on family dyanmics. Families are being empowered by DIR," he said. "This is a program about understanding, for any child, why they may be having certain problems and聽what are the causes and then helping that child to develop a better ability to stay calm and focused.

"Milt Harris was very insistent that he wanted this initiative to inform public policy, so MEHRI has also been working very hard with the聽premier鈥檚 special adviser on early learning []," said Shanker. "MEHRI聽has played a聽role in seeing these ideas embedded in the core of the early learning program that is being rolled out in Ontario."

Lenton echoed Shanker's comments and reiterated that she was very pleased to see that the work underway at MEHRI, in addition to helping children with autism,聽would have benefits related to a general approach to early childhood development.

Onley聽then heard from MEHRI therapists聽Christine Robinson, Amanda Binns, Sonia Khan and Eunice Lee. The group spoke about their work with children with autism and showed聽before-and-after video clips that displayed the accomplishments experienced by聽a聽child after just a few weeks聽in floor-time therapy.

MEHRI researchers and offered a summary of their latest research to Onley. Their work examines the behavioural and neurological effects of a DIR-based treatment on young children with autism spectrum disorders.聽The two researchers previewed聽the results of their聽research to the lieutenant governor.聽The MEHRI researchers explained how they hope the results of their work will expand聽the range of options available in the treatment of all children through the use of DIR.

"This is remarkable," said Onley. "Thank you all very much, your research聽is most fascinating. The reality of autism is significant. I聽hear regularly from聽parents who express their deep concerns about autism. Please keep up the good work and I look forward to keeping in touch and following your research."

At the conclusion of the presentations, the lieutenant governor and聽Shoukri聽toured the MEHRI facility.

More about David Onley, the lieutenant governor of Ontario

In 2007, Onley was the first person with a physical disability 鈥� he had polio at the age of three聽鈥� to become a lieutenant governor. Before stepping into the role, he had a 22-year career as a broadcaster for Citytv and was the first senior newscaster with a visible disability.

For many years,聽he has聽championed disability issues聽as chair of the Government of Ontario鈥檚 Accessibility Standards Advisory Council and as an accessibility council member for the Rogers Centre and the Air Canada Centre. Onley has used his influence to highlight聽and help remove barriers to employment and housing for Ontario's 1.5 million people with disabilities.

On Friday, June 26, 2009, 91亚色 honoured Onley with an honorary degree in recognition of his work in advancing disability rights in Canada.

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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He understands their fears. Participating in sports can lower the blood sugar levels of people with Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes. But Riddell said exercise is important for people with Type 1 diabetes. Studies indicate keeping active can add as much as 10 years to their lives and reduce the chance of complications of diabetes.

鈥淲e know exercise is critical. We just have to make sure they can do it safely,鈥� said Riddell, a world renowned diabetes and exercise physiologist and professor in 91亚色鈥檚 Faculty of Health.

Riddell, who was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 14 and regularly engages in competitive sports, runs an elite summer sports camp at the university. About a third to half of the campers have Type 1 diabetes and the camp teaches them how exercise can be used to better manage their disease.

On the eve of this year鈥檚 camp, which began Monday, July 19, Riddell鈥檚 team of researchers in the International Journal of Pediatrics looking at the interaction of sports and blood sugar levels.

For the study, which Riddell said is the first in the world to examine these interactions in a real-life setting, last year鈥檚 campers were outfitted with round-the-clock glucose monitors both while they played tennis, basketball and soccer at camp, and during their time at home, including while they slept.

The study is also important for high-performance athletes without diabetes who can see their blood sugar levels plummet during extreme sports, he added.

The complete article is available on . Riddell's research is funded by the (NSERC), Medtronic Canada and Can-Am Care.

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams, research communications officer, with files courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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A project led by 91亚色 Faculty of Education Professors Heather Lotherington and Jennifer Jenson at Joyce Public School in North 91亚色, and funded by the (SSHRC),聽has received two awards.

The 91亚色-Joyce Public School Multiliteracies Project involves graduate students and researchers working with teachers at Joyce Public School to develop traditional and digital literacies. It was one of the winners of the . The awards highlight outstanding individuals, projects and programs in TDSB聽schools. The project's聽second award, the , went to聽the team of teachers from Joyce Public School聽who are聽working with Lotherington and Jenson.

Left: Heather Lotherington

Over the past seven years, this school-based initiative has been developed as a result of Lotherington鈥檚 SSHRC grants. The most recent grant for Lotherington,聽on which Jenson is co-researcher,聽has created a dynamic learning community to research a multiliteracies approach to learning that聽incorporates traditional literacy, culture and heritage literacies, language literacies and current digital technology literacies. The聽project has produced a wealth of聽teacher and student learning projects, such as the multilingual digital video game 鈥淭alk Time鈥� designed to help parents teach critical thinking to young children; a series of multilingual creative narratives; video clips such as 鈥淚magine a World鈥�; and student-created public service clips that address issues of social justice.

鈥淚 am delighted with this recognition of our evolving work, which belongs to all participating teachers, staff members, research assistants, researchers and the kids, who have created beautiful stories! We have worked together for many years to develop our learning community,鈥� said Lotherington.聽鈥淭wo regular SSHRC awards and several minor grants later, the 91亚色-Joyce Public School partnership has expanded and evolved into a feature of the school.聽Our learning community is a model for both in-service professional development through collaborative action research and theory-building by translating cutting-edge theoretical concepts into classroom practice.鈥�

Right: Jennifer Jenson

Also honoured was聽the team of Joyce Public School teachers and support staff who have been working with Lotherington and Jenson. The group received the 2010 Premier鈥檚 Award for Teaching Excellence 鈥� Team of the Year, given to a team made up of two to 10 individuals who have worked together to achieve a common goal.

Sixty-five per cent of the children at the school speak English as a second language and 90 per cent of the parents are from outside Canada. The聽teachers working with Lotherington and Jenson received the Premier's Award for their聽work on the multiliteracy projects that use digital technology and feature students and parents using personal experiences and first languages to reimagine popular stories.

Lotherington鈥檚 project "Researching New Literacies in the Multicultural Classroom: Developing a Ludic Approach to Linguistic Challenges in Elementary Education" received $125,788 from SSHRC in the 2007 competition. The research team continues to explore聽how teachers can teach socially responsive, immersive literacies in the contemporary multicultural, multilingual classroom.

For聽more information, visit the聽 Web site.

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Those questions and more are at the heart of , a new collection of essays edited by 91亚色 history Professor Myra Rutherdale published this spring by McGill-Queen鈥檚 University Press.

The book examines the crucial role women have played in health and medicine as nurses and midwives, particularly in the remote geographical areas that dominate Canada鈥檚 landscape. As the book's editor, Rutherdale assembled a national contingent of scholars from nursing, women鈥檚 studies, geography, native studies and history to supply the essays and anecdotes that are contained within its pages. The result is a comprehensive volume that provides insight and understanding into the two centuries of history and courage of the women working on the front lines of health care and medicine in Canada鈥檚 remote communities.

"I was inspired to gather these works together into one collection because I was made aware that there were many scholars working on the history of outpost nursing and midwivery in rural Canada," says Rutherdale. "It struck me that there would be common themes across the country and across the two centuries explored in this book. Most particularly I thought that the perspective of 鈥榯he periphery鈥� would be useful to explore."

"Were these women, especially the trained nurses, acting as agents of the state or in the best interests of agencies like the Red Cross? To what extent were they actually autonomous?" asks Rutherdale. "And, were they merely reinforcing the sometimes racist and social inequities that seemed to be part of many of the federal government schemes?"

Left: Myra Rutherdale

"Did they, for example, work with midwives from northern communities, and how did they respond to medical traditions which were already established in the communities before their arrival? What motivated these women nurses and midwives to take up their work in the first place?"聽notes Rutherdale.聽"Were they just looking for adventure or were they women who wanted to advance in their chosen careers?"

The essays contained in the book also explore themes of religion, colonialism, social divisions and native-newcomer relations. Special attention is paid by Rutherdale to nursing in Aboriginal communities and the relations of race to medical work, particularly in connection to ideas of British ethnicity and conceptualized meanings of whiteness.

Rutherdale聽looks at the experience of nurses in Newfoundland and Labrador, northern Saskatchewan, northern British Columbia and the Arctic. The book features essays on topics such as Mennonite midwives in Western Canada, missionary nurses and Aboriginal nursing assistants in the Yukon.

"There were many interesting submissions and several fascinating stories. The Mennonite midwives explored [in an essay] by University of Waterloo history Professor Marlene Epp were especially interesting since they were so integral to the communities in which they worked. Not only were they midwives but they also worked as undertakers and arranged bodies for funeral rites," says Rutherdale.

Right: A nursing station in Iqaluit

What she discovered in compiling the book was that creativity was a key attribute for the women profiled within Caregiving on the Periphery. "The midwives and nurses who worked on the periphery had to work often alone, or sometimes with just one partner, and they had to work quickly to ensure the survival of their patients," says Rutherdale. "They did not necessarily have the opportunity to consult doctors or to speak with teams. They had to do their best under some harsh circumstances. They had to be skilled and confident in themselves. Nurses were trained 鈥榥ot to diagnose,鈥� but they often found themselves having to do just that, and quickly. They were tested in these communities and had to work hard."

That quality of creativity was also a key element for some of the research that went into the book, says Rutherdale, as there were challenges associated with the fact that some of the nurses, midwives and patients did not leave聽detailed primary source material. "As is evident from this collection, there are some very innovative ways to get around this frustrating lack of evidence," says Rutherdale. She cites an article by Judith Young, professor emerita of nursing at the University of Toronto. "One example of this is the excellent article by Judith Young who researched midwives in 19th-century Toronto. She used directories and land purchase records as well as other official documents to trace the existence of these fascinating midwives 鈥� records that might not be turned to for the questions which she ultimately answered. Sometimes one has to be innovative and creative to find traces of the human past."

Rutherdale also drew on the creativity of her 19-year-old son when she was seeking an appropriate title for the book. "I always find titles rather challenging. I had several titles, most of which were not favoured by family, colleagues or publishers," says Rutherdale. "Finally, I hashed it out with my son who has two parents who are historians so he has heard his fair share about Canadian history throughout his life. He thought Caregiving on the Periphery made a lot of sense given what the authors were trying to highlight in their collective works. And how does one disagree with an opinionated 19-year-old?"

Above:聽Donalda McKillop Copeland with her interpreter and his friends, Southampton Island, early 1950s.聽Rutherdale is researching the experiences of McKillop Copeland.

Rutherdale teaches Canadian history, with a special focus on 20th-century Canada and native-newcomer relations in the Department of History in 91亚色's Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies. She also teaches聽courses on the history of the body and Canadian women's history.

Her current research project is on the history of the introduction of westernized medicine into northern Aboriginal communities. "I look at the history of traditional medicine and ask what changes took place when doctors and nurses moved to northern communities to establish nursing stations and small hospitals," she says. "Northern Canada is still woefully under-served in terms of access to health care and there are many inequities that still exist in northern communities. The infant mortality rate is high, and women are still being sent to the south to deliver their children. This is ridiculous in 2010."

Caregiving on the Periphery is available online through , and .

By Jenny Pitt-Clark, YFile editor

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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The report is published in the June 9 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Alison Macpherson, an epidemiologist in 91亚色鈥檚 School of Kinesiology & Health Science in the , called the research, 鈥渢he best study on bodychecking and injury that I鈥檝e seen.鈥�

The debate over bodychecking centres on just when these moves should be introduced to young players, Macpherson said. Other studies have found that the peewee level is not a good time to introduce bodychecking, because of wide disparities in the size of the players, she said. 鈥淏ody checking should not be part of the game for peewee players,鈥� said Macpherson, who also has a son who plays hockey. 鈥淏odychecking should not be introduced until children are 16,鈥� she contends, because 鈥渃oncussions can be very bad for children.鈥�

The complete .

Macpherson is also a member of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution.

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91亚色 Distinguished Research Professor in psychology,聽Debra Pepler, a co-director and member of 91亚色鈥檚 , said people don鈥檛 understand the level of the problem. 鈥淐anadians see ourselves as nice...(but) our children are not doing well.鈥�

Crucial to preventing youth bullying and violence is for parents and other adults to show and teach healthy relationships, said Pepler. 鈥淧arents need to help kids think critically about their behaviour and how to treat people respectfully.鈥�

If Canadian children are to do well despite all the media and societal exposure to violence and aggression, then they require a lot of guidance and exemplary behaviour from adults, she added. 鈥淲hat children observe is far more important than what they鈥檙e rewarded and punished for. We need to be much more mindful of what we teach them through our own behaviour as we get excited over hockey and ultimate fight clubs when they hear us say 鈥榢ill them鈥�.鈥�

Pepler is also a member of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution at 91亚色. The complete article is .

By Elizabeth Monier-Williams, research communications officer, with files courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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