Stephen Gaetz (right), professor and associate dean in the Faculty of Education, has received more than $2.5 million in funding over seven years to lead 鈥淐anadian Observatory on Homelessness鈥�, with more than 27 researchers 鈥� including Professor Janet Mosher at Osgoode Hall Law School, Professor Valerie Preston in the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies (LA&PS) and Professor Stan Shapson in the Faculty of Education 鈭� and 29 partner organizations. The project, a non-partisan research and policy partnership, aims to evaluate current policy directions and programmatic approaches to preventing and reducing homelessness, address key policy questions, and support the development and implementation of effective and sustainable solutions to homelessness in communities across Canada. The goal is to mobilize research on homelessness so it has a greater impact on policy and practice, leading to more effective solutions to homelessness. The project, which will also receive more than $2.5 million in matching funding and contributions from partnering organizations, will leverage the collaborative, research and knowledge mobilization capacities of participating individuals and organizations.

Anna Hudson (left), professor in the Faculty of Fine Arts, has received more than $3.5 million over six years to lead a major project titled 鈥淢obilizing Inuit Cultural Heritage: a multi-media/multi-platform re-engagement of voice in visual art and performance鈥�, with 10 researchers 鈥� including Professor Susan Dion in the Faculty of Education and Professor Angela Norwood from the Faculty of Fine Arts 鈥� and nine partner organizations. The goal of the project is to conduct collaborative research on the contribution of Inuit visual culture, art and performance to Inuit language preservation, social well-being and cultural identity. The project will address the current disconnect for Inuit today between orality 鈥� being the voice that defines the self in relation to others 鈥� and materiality 鈥� being the environment in which one lives well together through three primary objectives: access to advanced information and communication technologies, connection of Inuit voice to objects of Inuit cultural heritage and expanded creation of Inuit cultural capacity. It will receive an additional $1.9 million in matching funding and contributions from partnering organizations.

Leah Vosko (right), Canada Research Chair in the Political Economy of Gender and Work and political science professor, LA&PS, has received more than $2 million in funding over five years to lead a major national project with 33 researchers 鈥� including Professor Mark Thomas in the Department of Sociology and Professor Eric Tucker at Osgoode Hall Law School 鈭� and 16 partner organizations. The project, titled 鈥淐losing the Enforcement Gap: Improving Employment Standards Protection for People in Precarious Jobs鈥�, will examine the role of employment standards enforcement in ensuring minimum conditions in areas such as wages, working time, vacations and leaves for workers in precarious jobs in Ontario, characterized by job insecurity, low income and limited access to regulatory protection. The objectives of the project, which will receive more than an additional $1.3 million in matching funding and contributions from partnering organizations, are to map the nature and scope of employment standards violations and document enforcement practices to identify regulatory challenges and develop alternative models of enforcement that may be applied in Ontario and other jurisdictions within Canada and internationally.

鈥淲e are delighted by the results of these recent SSHRC competitions, enabling 91亚色 to maintain our track record in leading the country in the Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council of Canada鈥檚 large-scale awards competitions valued at $1 million or more,鈥� said Robert Hach茅, 91亚色鈥檚 vice-president research and innovation. 鈥淭he projects led by 91亚色 Professors Stephen Gaetz, Anna Hudson and Leah Vosko enable our researchers to work together with research partners to address persistent, social and economic challenges facing our society today. It will also enable our researchers and graduate students to make important contributions to our country鈥檚 knowledge base.鈥�

Two 91亚色 researchers were also awarded more than $397,000 in SSHRC funding through the Partnership Development Grants program.聽The program encourages applicants to work collaboratively with partners to develop research in the social sciences and humanities.聽This funding will support partnerships between 91亚色 researchers and Canadian and international universities, a charitable organization and an international association.

Gary Goodyear, federal minister of state for science and technology, announced the funding on Friday, May 31, at the launch of the annual Congress of the Humanities & Social Sciences.聽 In total, more than $63 million is being awarded over a period of seven years to support 78 research teams across the country through SSHRC鈥檚 Partnership Grants and Partnership Development Grants. An additional $104 million from SSHRC鈥檚 Talent Program will support more than 3,700 master鈥檚, doctoral and postdoctoral scholarships and fellowships.

An analysis conducted by the Strategic & Institutional Research Initiatives Unit, in the Office of Research Services at 91亚色, revealed that between 2006 and 2013, 91亚色 researchers received more SSHRC awards valued at $1 million or more than any other institution in Canada. SSHRC鈥檚 large-scale awards offered between 2001 and 2013 have included the Community-University Research Alliance (CURA), Major Collaborative Research Initiatives (MCRI), the Strategic Knowledge Clusters and the SSHRC Partnership Grants.

For a complete list of Partnership Grant and Partnership Development Grant awards, visit the website.

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"We clearly need to do more on the homelessness front," Heffernan says. "One of my key current interests is the use of a rights-based approach to address homelessness and the lack of adequate housing. This fellowship will allow me to research the right to housing in other countries and to analyze how those strategies might apply in Canada. And I'll work directly with individuals and organizations who may have a role to play."

Tracy Heffernan

Heffernan will study the ways in which the Charter has already been used to advance social and economic rights, and will create a new directed research course for students at Osgoode Hall. Her fellowship will culminate in a symposium next year, at which an international group of experts will consider potential next steps towards establishment of a right to housing in Canada.

Osgoode students participating in the new course will focus on the root causes of homelessness and inadequate housing, and on how the law might be used to address these issues. Heffernan will also provide workshops and guest lectures during her fellowship. Law students will be exposed to issues of poverty and homelessness and will be encouraged to consider what role they can play as lawyers.

Osgoode Hall Dean Lorne Sossin says the law school looks forward to partnering in the advancement of this distinct stream of Charter scholarship. "The Charter has had a profound impact, but its role in developing social rights is in its infancy," he says. "While at Osgoode, Tracy is going to explore the concept of a positive Charter right to adequate housing, one of the most significant social challenges we face."

Heffernan says that improved access-to-justice, which is聽a central aspect of the LFO's mandate, 聽is very much among the potential benefits she sees a rights-based approach delivering. "Housing is fundamental to people's ability to work, to raise families, to engage with their communities - as well as to make use of the legal system," she says.

Community Leadership in Justice Fellowships are one of several LFO granting programs, and one or more have been awarded annually since 2006. They harness the potential of community-academia links to advance justice-related and educational objectives. Fellows are typically leading experts and innovators. Joint applications from public interest groups and prospective host academic institutions are invited each spring.

For more University news, photos and videos, visit the homepage.

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The report said it's estimated that roughly 65,000 young people are homeless or living in homeless shelters throughout the country at one time or another during a given year.

, associate dean of research and professional development in 91亚色's Faculty of Education, used to work in the youth homelessness sector in the '90s. He said the approach in Canada has remained much the same since 鈥� namely, the focus on provision of emergency services.

鈥淭he longer I鈥檓 involved in this issue, the more upset I am that we allow 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds to languish in emergency shelters rather than to provide them with better solutions and better options,鈥� he said. He co-authored the report with , an associate professor in 91亚色鈥檚 department of anthropology, and researcher Tara Patton.

Gaetz noted that other countries, such as Australia and the U.K., have evolved approaches focusing on prevention and moving individuals out of homelessness and into housing. He said while emergency services are needed, the real emphasis should be on preventing young people from becoming and remaining homeless.

He said research in Canada is pretty consistent in showing that between 60 and 70 per cent of young people come from households where they鈥檝e experienced physical, sexual or emotional abuse. Yet even in situations where they鈥檙e leaving households where they may have been abused, it doesn鈥檛 mean their relationship with all family members has soured, he noted.

Even though family conflict is probably at the core of the majority of youth homelessness, it doesn鈥檛 mean that those relationships are irreconcilable, Gaetz said. In certain cases, there may not be a history of abuse but perhaps family conflict which can often be addressed. That means more intensive support is needed for both the youngster and their family.

鈥淚f there鈥檚 conflict parents may not know what to do. There may be anger management issues that need working on; there may be mediation. There may also just need to be a cooling-out period.鈥�

The report profiles the Family Reconnect program run by , which operates three shelters in the Toronto area and works with homeless and at-risk youth aged 16-24 to get them off the streets permanently.

The program provides youngsters with support through various channels, including counselling, to help get them on track to potentially return home or move into the community, ideally with family support.

Between 2005 and 2010, the program helped 376 clients. Among them, 62 per cent of youth became more actively involved with family members and 14.5 per cent reconciled with a family member after repairing a damaged relationship.

Parents are also able to benefit from the program.

Gaetz said it will require a unified approach from all levels of government to develop strategic responses to homelessness.

At the provincial level where funding is controlled for most service delivery, they recommend establishing an inter-ministerial working group that spans all sectors. They鈥檙e also asking municipal governments to develop strategic plans to address youth homelessness.

鈥淚 really believe that the knowledge is there about how to do this and, in many cases, the commitment is there to do things differently.鈥�

also covered the report April 13.

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams, research communications officer, with files courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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Some 65,000 young people are homeless or at risk of homelessness across Canada. In Toronto, approximately 1,700 youth are on the streets on any given night, about half of them in emergency shelters.

Right: Report co-authors Daphne Winland (left) and Stephen Gaetz

鈥淚n Canada, we really need to radically reform our approach to youth homelessness,鈥� says , associate dean of research in 91亚色鈥檚 Faculty of Education and co-author of the Family Matters report. 鈥淲e need to be much more strategic in how we address the problem, and this means placing a greater emphasis on prevention, family reconnection and rapid re-housing efforts. This not only improves lives, it鈥檚 also more cost effective.鈥�

Prevention programs, including family mediation and support for the development of healthy family relations, are likely to produce longer-lasting results and a quicker exit from the streets, according to the report. Such interventions, which cost about $7,000 a year per youth, make better financial sense than putting a young person in a shelter for a year at a cost of more than $20,000. Unfortunately, such programming is rare in the sector, it says.

One exceptional initiative that the report says should be scaled up and replicated is the Family Reconnect Program, run by Eva鈥檚 Initiatives in Toronto. The Family Reconnect Program offers youth and their families access to free individual and family counselling to help them understand the nature of family conflict and resolve or better mitigate family problems. As a result, many youth decide to go back home, while others go into independent housing, supported by their community or family.

鈥淭he shelter system provides critical services, but it should never be the only option,鈥� says Rachel Gray, director of the National Initiatives Program at Eva鈥檚 Initiatives. Between 2005 and 2010, the Family Reconnect Program helped 376 clients: 62 per cent聽of youth became more actively involved with family members; 14.5 per cent聽reconciled with a family member after repairing a damaged relationship; and the housing situation improved for聽more than聽40 per cent聽of participants.

The Family Matters report also details the success of national youth homelessness prevention programs overseas that could serve as models for Canada. In Australia, work is done with school and community-based services to engage young people and their families before youth become homeless. In the U.K., family mediation programs help move young people out of the shelter system and back with their families or their community in a safe and planned way.

Part of the challenge in Canada is that emergency shelters are largely designed to provide young people with protection from abusive family situations. While this focus on protection is essential, given that 60 to 70 per cent聽of homeless youth flee households where they experienced physical, sexual or emotional abuse, the potential role of family or extended family members to help youth move on with their lives is largely ignored.

Left: According to the report,聽prevention programs, including family mediation and support for the development of healthy family relations, are likely to produce longer-lasting results for homeless youth

鈥淔or many young people who become homeless, family still matters,鈥� says report co-author , a professor in the Department of Anthropology at 91亚色. 鈥淛ust because one comes from a household characterized by abuse, doesn鈥檛 mean that there are no healthy or redeemable relations within the family.鈥�

Given the gaps in the current Canadian response to youth homelessness, Eva鈥檚 Initiatives is launching an online toolkit that will give youth service providers across the country detailed information about how to incorporate prevention strategies into existing programs.

However, much more remains to be done if Canada is truly committed to ending youth homelessness, the report says. It calls for concrete measures and increased funding at the national, provincial and municipal levels to make prevention integral to Canada鈥檚 response to youth homelessness.

The Family Matters report and executive summary are available online as聽part of the Homeless Hub Research Report Series on the聽 website.聽The report, which includes detailed recommendations, also tells the personal stories of youth and families who have benefited from the Family Reconnect Program.

The Homeless Hub Research Report Series is a initiative based at 91亚色, highlighting the work of top Canadian researchers on homelessness. The goal of the research series is to take homelessness research and relevant policy findings to new audiences.

works with homeless and at-risk youth ages 16 to 24 to get them off the streets permanently. They operate three shelters in the Greater Toronto Area that house 114 youth each night.聽Eva鈥檚 also operates the Family Reconnect Program, which works with young people in a protected environment to support their efforts to address family conflict in a way that helps them move forward in their lives.

By Janice Walls, media relations coordinator at 91亚色, and Micol Zarb,聽 Media Relations at Eva鈥檚 Initiatives.

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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The Calgary Homeless Foundation has taken a leadership role in bringing together an international network dedicated to ending homelessness worldwide.

Foundation CEO Tim Richter instigated a four-day conference in Washington, D.C., that wrapped up Friday with broad participation from premier agencies, policy-makers and researchers from across North America, Europe and Australia.

. . .

"Homelessness as a big problem, emerged in Canada much later than it did in the U.K. or Australia or the United States. So we're kind of behind in our response to homelessness," said Gaetz.

"But by working collaboratively in this international context, we can leapfrog forward and move very quickly to develop effective permanent solutions, because the ideas are out there. There's a plan to move forward."

Gaetz is an active member of the Homeless Hub at 91亚色, the first comprehensive and cross-disciplinary web-based clearinghouse of homelessness research in the world.

He also directs the multi-year Canadian Homelessness Research Network, funded by the (SSHRC).

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams, research communications officer, with files courtesy of YFile , 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin

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Gaetz鈥檚 research agenda foregrounds social justice and attempts to make research relevant to policy and program development. He comes to this work at 91亚色 after several years of working in the homelessness sector and for the City of Toronto. His research interests include homelessness, youth culture, criminal victimization and community development.

Gaetz has published a book on community-based responses to youth problems in Ireland, and numerous articles in a wide range of journals. His research on homeless youth has focused on their economic strategies, health, education and legal and justice issues. He led Canada鈥檚 first national homelessness research conference in 2005.

Gaetz is the director of the and the a clearing house for homelessness research. The mission of the Homeless Hub is to mobilize homelessness research so that it has a greater impact on policy, planning and service provision, thereby contributing to solutions to end homelessness in Canada. His research is funded by the (SSHRC).

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams, research communications officer.

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鈥淏eing homeless means constant exposure to dangerous people and places,鈥� said the report, "Surviving Crime and Violence: Street Youth and Victimization in Toronto". It was released Monday.

While most criminal cases involve property, almost two-thirds of the people interviewed for the study said they have been the victim of a violent crime at least once. And more than three-quarters said they had been victimized in the past year, says the 2009 survey of 244 homeless young people aged 16 to 25.

That group is 鈥減erhaps the most victimized street youth population,鈥� authors Stephen Gaetz, Bill O鈥橤rady and Kristy Buccieri wrote. Gaetz is associate dean of research & field development in 91亚色鈥檚 Faculty of Education, O鈥橤rady is a sociology and anthropology professor at the University of Guelph, and Buccieri is a PhD student at 91亚色.

The piece was also covered in聽 , , , Sept. 28.

, who is the associate dean of research & field development in 91亚色鈥檚 , also spoke about his latest study that shows homeless youth are often victims of crime, on CBC Radio and Radio Canada stations across the country and on OMNI-TV Sept. 27.

Posted by Elizabeth Monier-Williams with files courtesy of YFile 鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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Homeless young people are victims of crime at rates that society would consider unacceptable for any other group, according to a new report by researchers at 91亚色 and the University of Guelph.

The report, , highlights the degree to which it is street youth themselves 鈭� often perceived as delinquent and dangerous 鈭� who are vulnerable to crime and violence.

鈥淭he very people we are taught to fear are the ones who are most at risk,鈥� said Professor (right), associate dean of research and field development in 91亚色鈥檚 . 鈥滿ore than 76 per cent of the homeless youth we surveyed said they had been victims of violent crime in the past year, and almost three-quarters of them reported multiple incidents.鈥�

In comparison, about 40 per cent of young people in the general population reported that they had been victimized in the previous year, when the last asked them about it in 1999 鈭� and they experienced mostly property crime.

Gaetz and University of Guelph Professor interviewed 244 homeless youths across Toronto last year about life on the streets. Their report was commissioned by , a not-for-profit legal aid clinic that operates a Street Youth Legal Services program, providing legal advice and support to homeless youth in Toronto.

The solution to problems youth face on the streets lies in changing the way youth homelessness is addressed, according to the report. It calls for a balanced response that, instead of relying mostly on emergency services, would balance preventive measures, an emergency response, and transitional support to move young people out of homelessness quickly.

Above: A homeless youth keeps dry under a bridge in downtown Toronto. Photo: Wikimedia Commons.

In the interviews, conducted at agencies serving youth in downtown Toronto and the suburbs:

• female street youth were more likely than males to report being victims of crime (85.9 per cent compared to 71.8 per cent).
• 38.2 per cent of the female street youth reported being victims of sexual assault. Reports of sexual assault were higher among black females (47 per cent) than white females (33 per cent).
• 60 per cent of lesbian and bisexual females reported that they had been sexually assaulted in the past year, making them perhaps the most victimized group among street youth.
• young homeless women reported extremely high levels of violence and abuse from their intimate partners.
• youths who had become homeless at a young age (16 or 17) were much more likely to have been violently victimized than young people who became homeless later.
• only 20 per cent of all respondents said they had alerted police about their victimization.

Much has changed since Gaetz first wrote a report on homeless youth in Toronto, also for Justice for Children and Youth, seven years ago. The and non-profit agencies have improved services, and the City has expanded its Streets to Homes program to move youth into housing. Street Youth Legal Services, a program of Justice for Children and Youth, has expanded its capacity to support young people with their legal and justice issues.

However, the report concludes federal, provincial and municipal governments should be addressing youth homelessness with an integrated strategy that includes: an adequate supply of supported, affordable housing for young people; efforts by health and mental health sectors, corrections and child welfare services to ensure their practices do not contribute to homelessness; crisis intervention and family mediation to help young people remain housed; and transitional approaches with income, social and health care supports for young people.

鈥淢any people, including policy makers, believe that youth homelessness and crime are linked, and they use laws such as the Safe Streets Act to 鈥榤ove along鈥� young people,鈥� said Gaetz. 鈥淚n fact, our findings show that young homeless people are among the most victimized people in our society, and they need our protection.鈥�

Gaetz leads the (CHRN), which enhances the impact of homelessness research on homelessness and the housing crisis by increasing collaboration and discussion among researchers, policy-makers and community workers. One of Canada鈥檚 leading experts on homelessness, Gaetz also created the 鈥� the world鈥檚 first digital hub to mobilize homelessness research 鈥� to support collaboration, knowledge exchange, and public engagement among regional and clustered research networks. CHRN, , received $2.1 million through the strategic knowledge clusters program.

By Janice Walls, media relations coordinator. Republished courtesy of YFile 鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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The other area of high risk for pregnancy is youth from Aboriginal communities in northern Ontario.

鈥淎s we read and summarized and synthesized research literature, and talked to youth workers, we realized there were these specific groups,鈥� says Connolly, director of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence & Conflict Resolution. 鈥淲ith that kind of feedback our research becomes focused and we can shift the lens to these three groups, for instance.鈥�

That is the value of knowledge mobilization 鈥撀爐he ability to see the gaps in the research and to more accurately zoom in where there is a need.

Right: Jennifer Connolly

The initial goal of Connolly鈥檚 KMb project, 鈥淭een Pregnancy and Teen Mothers: Meeting the Needs in 91亚色 Region鈥�, was to examine the prevalence of pregnant teens and teen mothers in 91亚色 Region and聽how their mental health needs were being met, 聽and it identify聽service gaps. The project also reviewed聽those girls receiving protective service intervention from 91亚色 Region Children鈥檚 Aid Society to evaluate their risk for pregnancy and initiated community-based opportunities for feedback and knowledge exchange. In addition, the project was designed to help determine how research on risk and resilience can inform clinical care, maximize positive outcomes and point the way for areas of further research.

鈥淚t led us to recognize that teen pregnancy was in the low to moderate range in Canada; about three to four per cent of live births are to women 19 and younger," says Connolly, a psychology professor in the Faculty of Health.聽It used to be higher. In the United States, it鈥檚 up around 18 per cent and in Italy it鈥檚 down around one per cent. "Teen pregnancy has certainly dropped in Canada, but when we look at the data, it ignores the fact that there are huge disparities in that information. In some communities the risk of teen pregnancy and motherhood is much higher.鈥�

For teen girls in the three highest risk categories, the rate of pregnancy soars to 30 to 50 per cent, and the teen pregnancy and motherhood outcomes in these groups聽are not good.

The research team 鈥撀燙onnolly, 91亚色 Professor Hala Tamim of the School of Kinesiology & Health Science in the Faculty of Health, psychology Professor Yvonne Bohr also of the Faculty of Health, Sandra Cunning of Kinark Child & Family Services and聽Bonita Majonis of 91亚色 Region Children鈥檚 Aid Society 鈥� realized the value of getting the results from research and knowledge synthesization out to community members聽who could make use of them.

One such community would be the youth workers and service agencies that work directly with these teens. This summer, Connolly, along with colleagues and students, will post plain language research summaries on 11 different topics聽using the聽Orion 03 platform, thanks to a Canadian Institutes of Health Research supplement grant. This is part of a research mobilization project headed by David Phipps, director of the Office of Research Services, to get clear, concise summaries of research out to communities.

For Connolly鈥檚 research, youth workers from Kinark Child & Family Services and the 91亚色 Region Children鈥檚 Aid Society will comment on the summaries and bring forth any questions.

The topics that will be tackled for the summaries will include homelessness and teen pregnancy and mothers; the risk and resilience of teen mothers; the risk and resilience of the mothers of teen mothers; teen pregnancy and teen motherhood in Canada; and the availability of services for teen mothers in 91亚色 Region.

It will allow Connolly and Phipps to take a closer look at how synthesized research can help those using the information in the community. It鈥檚 a way to evaluate how well knowledge mobilization works, Conolly聽says. She is hoping the project will point to specific areas where more research is needed. 鈥淭he kind of questions we will ask in future research will be shaped by the real world.鈥�

More information about聽Connolly's research is available on the .

By Sandra McLean, YFile writer

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To kick-start National Nursing Week and highlight the province鈥檚 announcement to introduce another 14 nurse practitioner-led clinics in Ontario, Premier Dalton McGuinty dropped in on a group of nursing students at 91亚色 Monday, May 10.

In a room set up like a hospital or clinic, McGuinty went from bed to bed chatting with students practising different medical procedures before sitting down for a round-table discussion with undergraduate nursing students and graduate students in the nurse practitioner program.

The government announced Monday it is accepting applications to create 14 more nurse practitioner-led clinics, with a goal of having 25 such clinics by 2012. The first 11 clinics are scheduled to begin opening this month.

Meanwhile, students shared their stories about why they are studying nursing.

鈥淣ursing chose me,鈥� said Crystal Van Leeuwen, who decided on her career while holding a girl infected with HIV during a trip to a Thailand clinic.

Deana Ruddell-Thomson said she was a retail manager in Walkerton when the tainted water tragedy struck a decade ago. 鈥淚 felt helpless watching friends and family becoming ill and I didn鈥檛 have any power,鈥� she said.

Thomas McCormick said he will be working on a placement in Toronto before heading to northern Ontario to help more remote communities.

Several international students told McGuinty how thrilled they were to be able to study nursing in Ontario. The premier told the students that they have chosen an important career.

The complete article is .

The School of Nursing鈥檚 faculty members are involved in innovative and leading-edge research, and have established national and international reputations in their areas of expertise. Faculty members鈥� programs of research and scholarly activities contribute to better understanding of current and challenging health and nursing phenomena.

Faculty members鈥� scholarly activities encompass a range of areas (including, but not limited to, community health, environmental health, global health, health policy, homeless populations, immigrant health, mental health, women鈥檚 health) and cross the life span (children, youth, adults, and older adults), using diverse theoretical and methodological approaches.

Republished courtesy of YFile鈥� 91亚色鈥檚 daily e-bulletin.

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