If you are struggling with weight gain, you might be surprised to know that your parents had it easier 鈥 they could eat more and exercise less, and still avoid obesity, according to a recent study out of 91亚色鈥檚 Faculty of Health.
鈥淥ur study results suggest that if you are 25, you鈥檇 have to eat even less and exercise more than those older to prevent gaining weight,鈥 says Professor Jennifer Kuk in the School of Kinesiology & Health Science. 鈥淗owever, it also indicates there may be other specific changes contributing to the rise in obesity beyond just diet and exercise.鈥
The study, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, analyzed dietary data of nearly 36,400 American adults collected by the National Health & Nutrition Survey between 1971 and 2008. The available physical activity frequency data, of 14,419 adults in the 1988 to 2006 period, was also used.
鈥淲e observe that for a given amount of self-reported food intake, people will be about 10 per cent heavier in 2008 than in 1971, and about five per cent heavier for a given amount of physical activity level in 1988 than 2006,鈥 notes Ruth Brown, lead researcher and 91亚色 U graduate student, adding, 鈥淭hese secular changes may in part explain why we have seen the dramatic rise in obesity.鈥
The study, 鈥淪ecular differences in the association between caloric intake, macronutrient intake and physical activity with obesity,鈥 is featured in the upcoming issue of the journal聽Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.
The researchers point out that although several studies have shown that eating less and exercising more results in weight loss, those strategies are proven to be ineffective in the long term.
鈥淭his is because weight management is actually much more complex than just 鈥榚nergy in鈥 versus 鈥榚nergy out鈥,鈥 says Kuk. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 similar to saying your investment account balance is simply your deposits subtracting your withdrawals and not accounting for all the other things that affect your balance like stock market fluctuations, bank fees or currency exchange rates.鈥
Kuk adds that body weight is impacted by lifestyle and environment, such as medication use, environmental pollutants, genetics, timing of food intake, stress, gut bacteria and even night-time light exposure. 鈥淯ltimately, maintaining a healthy body weight is now more challenging than ever.鈥