Mark Bayfield Archives | Research & Innovation

Undergrads win a rare chance to do research

fmaquito — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 10:00:00 +0000

Last summer, a number of 91��ɫ undergraduates won the chance to spend their 16-week break doing research and getting paid for it. Funded by national grants, they worked with 91��ɫ biology and chemistry professors on projects ranging from how wood thrushes care for their young to how to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

They were recipients of Undergraduate Student Research Awards (USRA) offered by the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Every year, NSERC offers hundreds of undergraduates across Canada this rare chance at summer research jobs. This year, hundreds more will get the chance if they apply by Jan. 22. At 91��ɫ, they can contact their department for details, and visit and the Web sites.

For 10 91��ɫ students who received USRA awards last year, the experience opened up new worlds and opportunities.

Left: Ross Kresnik examines a bird with ornithologist Bridget Stutchbury at Hemlock Hill Biological Research Station in Pennsylvania

Senior biology student Ross Kresnik worked with Professor Bridget Stutchbury investigating how wood thrushes take care of their offspring. He conducted the research at Hemlock Hill Biological Research Station in Pennsylvania. Wood thrushes have multiple broods within a single breeding season. Kresnik used radio-tracking, blood metabolite analysis and mist netting to measure and investigate the factors that influence the length of the maternal care period following the fledging of first brood young. He found that females care for their young between nine and 16 days post-fledging, but longer if they have paired with a poor-quality male. Kresnik is publishing his findings and says his experience in the Stutchbury lab was a deciding factor in pursuing graduate studies.

Three USRA recipients worked on projects in cancer biology and fish reproduction in Professor Chun Peng’s laboratory last summer.

Left: From left, Professor Chun Peng, Eilyad Honarparvar, Michele Taffs and Tanita Manchanda in the Peng Lab

Third-year biology student Michele Taffs investigated the behaviour of endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system of zebrafish and ended up doing her honours thesis with Peng. She got a taste of what doing research was really like and “confirmed that doing research is what I want to do” – at the graduate level.

Biomedical science student Tanita Manchanda explored the role of microRNA molecules in placenta formation, and in cancer development and treatment. She learned techniques for extracting RNA from human tissues, running DNA and protein gels, culturing cells, and doing invasion and migration assays. “As an undergrad, there is not enough time and opportunity to learn all of these techniques during the year,” said Manchanda. “This experience has allowed me to learn a lot, and I am sure I will be able to use this knowledge when I enter into the field of medicine.”

In the Peng Lab, Eilyad Honarparvar investigated how protein p27 plays a protective role against cancer. For the future oncologist, this was a valuable experience. “Not only do you get the opportunity to learn different techniques essential for research but you gain an experience that is nearly impossible to simulate in a three-hour lab session during the normal academic year.”

Left: Dana Aljawhary in the Hastie Chemistry Lab

In Professor Donald Hastie’s chemistry lab, Dana Aljawhary learned to use a mass spectrometer to identify atmospheric pollutants, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the carcinogenic byproduct of forest fires and of burning gasoline, diesel, coal and wood. “The teamwork present in our lab, as well as the lab environment, helped me develop a better understanding of the research world,” said Aljawhary, who appreciated the chance to work with experienced researchers. “In the future, I hope to be able to apply my newly acquired skills towards both my undergraduate studies and research opportunities such as graduate school and work in the public sector.”

Third-year chemistry students Stephanie Ma and Mana Tirtashi worked in Professor Pierre Potvin’s carbon dioxide -focused laboratories to develop molecular catalysts for trapping carbon dioxide before it escapes into the atmosphere. Such catalysts could be used to transform carbondioxide (produced at a coal-fired power station, for instance) into a stable solid or liquid substance before its release.

Right: From left, Mana Tirtashi, Professor Pierre Potvin and Stephanie Ma in the carbon dioxidelab

They were also involved in exploring the possibility of replacing petroleum with carbon dioxide to produce plastics. “This was the best experience of my life so far,” said Tirtashi. “We all had a lot of fun together as a lab. It allowed me to grow intellectually and emotionally. I’ve discovered strengths I never knew I had. Research is not always easy, and experiments often don't work the way you want, but it's been very rewarding.”

In biology Professor Mark Bayfield’s lab, Dickson Kong, a third-year biology and kinesiology & health science student, hunted for genes that govern how cells respond to stress.

Left: From left, Dickson Kong and Professor Mark Bayfield

Kong also learned how to work with yeast as a laboratory model organism. “NSERC granted me a precious opportunity to learn and apply the techniques that are used by biologists on a day-to-day basis,” said Kong, who sees the experience as a positive step on his way to a career in medicine.

Fatima Panju, a third-year biochemistry student, worked under Professor Vivian Saridakis to understand what proteins, so essential in cellular processes, look like and how they function. She also learned about crystallography, a molecular tool used to analyze the structure of proteins, and about yeast proteins that destroy other proteins involved in disease formation. “I have thoroughly enjoyed working in a biotechnology lab as I have been able to do the experiments that I could have only read about before,” said Panju.

In Professor Patricia Lakin-Thomas’s “clock” laboratory, third-year biology student Ruchi Liyanage investigated how organisms, such as fungus, control their internal clock or circadian rhythm. Liyanage noted “the many pitfalls, frustrations and failed experiments” along with “the moments of triumph and fulfilment I felt during successful experiments.” After this experience, she concluded that “research should not focus solely on formulating conclusions, but also on acquiring knowledge and opening up more avenues for future scientists.”

Republished courtesy of YFile – 91��ɫ’s daily e-bulletin.

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91��ɫ's newest molecular biologist chases the mysteries of La

fmaquito — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 10:00:00 +0000

Although he doesn’t have many hobbies, biologist Mark Bayfield might consider taking up origami, based on the particular talents of his favourite research subject: the protein antigen known as La, one of the cell’s key regulators.

The La antigen is noted for its abundance and ubiquity in human cells, where it has several roles in RNA metabolism. It is thought to be a significant factor in helping cellular RNAs fold into their correct conformation, much like practitioners of the Japanese art of paper-folding copy objects in nature. Importantly, researchers suspect that several human viruses subvert this function of La in favour of their own RNA during infection.

Right: Mark Bayfield

As one of the newest members of the Faculty of Science & Engineering’s Department of Biology, Bayfield arrived one year ago to bolster 91��ɫ’s growing team of molecular biologists – researchers who are carrying the study of the human body beyond the sequencing of the genome into the even more complex world of cellular processes, in search of fundamental knowledge that will help find the causes and cures of disease.

“A lot of viruses really, really like La to help their genes get expressed,” Bayfield explains. “They hijack this protein from its normal job.”

“Viruses have evolved to mimic the normal substrates, the normal targets of La, so that it thinks the viral RNA is what it should be binding and doing things for. What we’re doing in this lab, in part, is to figure out what La is doing in these contexts.”

The implications of his work are of great interest to people in the medical community looking for ways to turn off the rogue processes in human cells that are responsible for the spread of diseases such as cancer, hepatitis B and C, poliovirus and rabies. In fact, La was discovered in the 1970s during research into the autoimmune disease Lupus. But, as in most fundamental research, it’s early days to be considering applications for what Bayfield is learning about La.

Left: Illustration of La

“We’re still at the stage where we’re trying to get under the hood and find out what it does,” he says. But he expects scientists at the major pharmaceutical companies will find applications for what he is learning and be able to use the data in the search for new ways of fighting disease.

Bayfield’s work is cutting edge. The was awarded, in part, to Professor Paul Nurse of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London, England, for his work on cellular processes using yeast as an experimental model. Bayfield also uses yeast cells to study La because of their rapid generation time and ease of use in genetics.

“Human proteins and the equivalent yeast proteins can sometimes do the same thing in a cell, and this is the case for La. You can literally take a human protein and put it into a yeast cell and it can often do the exact same job just as well.”

Bayfield began his career at Montreal’s McGill University where he did an undergrad thesis that opened his eyes to the joys and challenges of fundamental research. “In the textbook…you’re only reading about the stuff that works – that’s not how research gets done. They’re not telling you about all the things they did that didn’t work. But for me, that just makes it more rewarding when it does work.”

After graduate studies at Rhode Island’s Brown University studying bacteria and ribosomes, Bayfield did his post-doctoral research at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, where he first started working with La.

Although he tried most branches of science at university and considered doing medicine, he found he enjoyed working out the puzzles of fundamental research and settled on molecular biology as his field. “It’s one of the subjects where I feel we’re really in the first few pages of a big book,” he explains. “We’re getting the tools now to get to a level of complexity that even 10 years ago – and certainly 30 or 40 years ago – we didn’t even imagine existed.”

For more information on Mark Bayfield’s research visit his Web page.

By David Fuller, YFile contributing writer

Republished courtesy of YFile – 91��ɫ’s daily e-bulletin.

The post 91��ɫ's newest molecular biologist chases the mysteries of La appeared first on Research & Innovation.